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diff --git a/elpa/dash-20220417.2250/dash.info b/elpa/dash-20220417.2250/dash.info new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2741464 --- /dev/null +++ b/elpa/dash-20220417.2250/dash.info @@ -0,0 +1,4766 @@ +This is dash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.7 from dash.texi. + +This manual is for Dash version 2.19.1. + + Copyright © 2012–2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this + document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, + Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software + Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being “GNU General Public + License,” and no Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts. A copy of + the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free + Documentation License”. +INFO-DIR-SECTION Emacs +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* Dash: (dash.info). A modern list library for GNU Emacs. +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + + +File: dash.info, Node: Top, Next: Installation, Up: (dir) + +Dash +**** + +This manual is for Dash version 2.19.1. + + Copyright © 2012–2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this + document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, + Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software + Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being “GNU General Public + License,” and no Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts. A copy of + the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free + Documentation License”. + +* Menu: + +* Installation:: Installing and configuring Dash. +* Functions:: Dash API reference. +* Development:: Contributing to Dash development. + +Appendices + +* FDL:: The license for this documentation. +* GPL:: Conditions for copying and changing Dash. +* Index:: Index including functions and macros. + + — The Detailed Node Listing — + +Installation + +* Using in a package:: Listing Dash as a package dependency. +* Fontification of special variables:: Font Lock of anaphoric macro variables. +* Info symbol lookup:: Looking up Dash symbols in this manual. + +Functions + +* Maps:: +* Sublist selection:: +* List to list:: +* Reductions:: +* Unfolding:: +* Predicates:: +* Partitioning:: +* Indexing:: +* Set operations:: +* Other list operations:: +* Tree operations:: +* Threading macros:: +* Binding:: +* Side effects:: +* Destructive operations:: +* Function combinators:: + +Development + +* Contribute:: How to contribute. +* Contributors:: List of contributors. + + +File: dash.info, Node: Installation, Next: Functions, Prev: Top, Up: Top + +1 Installation +************** + +Dash is available on GNU ELPA (https://elpa.gnu.org/), GNU-devel ELPA +(https://elpa.gnu.org/devel/), and MELPA (https://melpa.org/), and can +be installed with the standard command ‘package-install’ (*note +(emacs)Package Installation::). + +‘M-x package-install <RET> dash <RET>’ + Install the Dash library. + + Alternatively, you can just dump ‘dash.el’ in your ‘load-path’ +somewhere (*note (emacs)Lisp Libraries::). + +* Menu: + +* Using in a package:: Listing Dash as a package dependency. +* Fontification of special variables:: Font Lock of anaphoric macro variables. +* Info symbol lookup:: Looking up Dash symbols in this manual. + + +File: dash.info, Node: Using in a package, Next: Fontification of special variables, Up: Installation + +1.1 Using in a package +====================== + +If you use Dash in your own package, be sure to list it as a dependency +in the library’s headers as follows (*note (elisp)Library Headers::). + + ;; Package-Requires: ((dash "2.19.1")) + + +File: dash.info, Node: Fontification of special variables, Next: Info symbol lookup, Prev: Using in a package, Up: Installation + +1.2 Fontification of special variables +====================================== + +The autoloaded minor mode ‘dash-fontify-mode’ is provided for optional +fontification of anaphoric Dash variables (‘it’, ‘acc’, etc.) in Emacs +Lisp buffers using search-based Font Lock (*note (emacs)Font Lock::). +In older Emacs versions which do not dynamically detect macros, the +minor mode also fontifies calls to Dash macros. + + To automatically enable the minor mode in all Emacs Lisp buffers, +just call its autoloaded global counterpart ‘global-dash-fontify-mode’, +either interactively or from your ‘user-init-file’: + + (global-dash-fontify-mode) + + +File: dash.info, Node: Info symbol lookup, Prev: Fontification of special variables, Up: Installation + +1.3 Info symbol lookup +====================== + +While editing Elisp files, you can use ‘C-h S’ (‘info-lookup-symbol’) to +look up Elisp symbols in the relevant Info manuals (*note (emacs)Info +Lookup::). To enable the same for Dash symbols, use the command +‘dash-register-info-lookup’. It can be called directly when needed, or +automatically from your ‘user-init-file’. For example: + + (with-eval-after-load 'info-look + (dash-register-info-lookup)) + + +File: dash.info, Node: Functions, Next: Development, Prev: Installation, Up: Top + +2 Functions +*********** + +This chapter contains reference documentation for the Dash API +(Application Programming Interface). The names of all public functions +defined in the library are prefixed with a dash character (‘-’). + + The library also provides anaphoric macro versions of functions where +that makes sense. The names of these macros are prefixed with two +dashes (‘--’) instead of one. + + For instance, while the function ‘-map’ applies a function to each +element of a list, its anaphoric counterpart ‘--map’ evaluates a form +with the local variable ‘it’ temporarily bound to the current list +element instead. + + ;; Normal version. + (-map (lambda (n) (* n n)) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 4 9 16) + + ;; Anaphoric version. + (--map (* it it) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 4 9 16) + + The normal version can, of course, also be written as in the +following example, which demonstrates the utility of both versions. + + (defun my-square (n) + "Return N multiplied by itself." + (* n n)) + + (-map #'my-square '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 4 9 16) + +* Menu: + +* Maps:: +* Sublist selection:: +* List to list:: +* Reductions:: +* Unfolding:: +* Predicates:: +* Partitioning:: +* Indexing:: +* Set operations:: +* Other list operations:: +* Tree operations:: +* Threading macros:: +* Binding:: +* Side effects:: +* Destructive operations:: +* Function combinators:: + + +File: dash.info, Node: Maps, Next: Sublist selection, Up: Functions + +2.1 Maps +======== + +Functions in this category take a transforming function, which is then +applied sequentially to each or selected elements of the input list. +The results are collected in order and returned as a new list. + + -- Function: -map (fn list) + Apply FN to each item in LIST and return the list of results. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--map’. + + (-map (lambda (num) (* num num)) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 4 9 16) + (-map #'1+ '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (2 3 4 5) + (--map (* it it) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 4 9 16) + + -- Function: -map-when (pred rep list) + Use PRED to conditionally apply REP to each item in LIST. Return a + copy of LIST where the items for which PRED returns ‘nil’ are + unchanged, and the rest are mapped through the REP function. + + Alias: ‘-replace-where’ + + See also: ‘-update-at’ (*note -update-at::) + + (-map-when 'even? 'square '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 4 3 16) + (--map-when (> it 2) (* it it) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 2 9 16) + (--map-when (= it 2) 17 '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 17 3 4) + + -- Function: -map-first (pred rep list) + Use PRED to determine the first item in LIST to call REP on. + Return a copy of LIST where the first item for which PRED returns + non-‘nil’ is replaced with the result of calling REP on that item. + + See also: ‘-map-when’ (*note -map-when::), ‘-replace-first’ (*note + -replace-first::) + + (-map-first 'even? 'square '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 4 3 4) + (--map-first (> it 2) (* it it) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 2 9 4) + (--map-first (= it 2) 17 '(1 2 3 2)) + ⇒ (1 17 3 2) + + -- Function: -map-last (pred rep list) + Use PRED to determine the last item in LIST to call REP on. Return + a copy of LIST where the last item for which PRED returns non-‘nil’ + is replaced with the result of calling REP on that item. + + See also: ‘-map-when’ (*note -map-when::), ‘-replace-last’ (*note + -replace-last::) + + (-map-last 'even? 'square '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 16) + (--map-last (> it 2) (* it it) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 16) + (--map-last (= it 2) 17 '(1 2 3 2)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 17) + + -- Function: -map-indexed (fn list) + Apply FN to each index and item in LIST and return the list of + results. This is like ‘-map’ (*note -map::), but FN takes two + arguments: the index of the current element within LIST, and the + element itself. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--map-indexed’. + + For a side-effecting variant, see also ‘-each-indexed’ (*note + -each-indexed::). + + (-map-indexed (lambda (index item) (- item index)) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 1 1 1) + (--map-indexed (- it it-index) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 1 1 1) + (-map-indexed #'* '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (0 2 6 12) + + -- Function: -annotate (fn list) + Return a list of cons cells where each cell is FN applied to each + element of LIST paired with the unmodified element of LIST. + + (-annotate '1+ '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ ((2 . 1) (3 . 2) (4 . 3)) + (-annotate 'length '(("h" "e" "l" "l" "o") ("hello" "world"))) + ⇒ ((5 "h" "e" "l" "l" "o") (2 "hello" "world")) + (--annotate (< 1 it) '(0 1 2 3)) + ⇒ ((nil . 0) (nil . 1) (t . 2) (t . 3)) + + -- Function: -splice (pred fun list) + Splice lists generated by FUN in place of elements matching PRED in + LIST. + + FUN takes the element matching PRED as input. + + This function can be used as replacement for ‘,@’ in case you need + to splice several lists at marked positions (for example with + keywords). + + See also: ‘-splice-list’ (*note -splice-list::), ‘-insert-at’ + (*note -insert-at::) + + (-splice 'even? (lambda (x) (list x x)) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 2 2 3 4 4) + (--splice 't (list it it) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4) + (--splice (equal it :magic) '((list of) (magical) (code)) '((foo) (bar) :magic (baz))) + ⇒ ((foo) (bar) (list of) (magical) (code) (baz)) + + -- Function: -splice-list (pred new-list list) + Splice NEW-LIST in place of elements matching PRED in LIST. + + See also: ‘-splice’ (*note -splice::), ‘-insert-at’ (*note + -insert-at::) + + (-splice-list 'keywordp '(a b c) '(1 :foo 2)) + ⇒ (1 a b c 2) + (-splice-list 'keywordp nil '(1 :foo 2)) + ⇒ (1 2) + (--splice-list (keywordp it) '(a b c) '(1 :foo 2)) + ⇒ (1 a b c 2) + + -- Function: -mapcat (fn list) + Return the concatenation of the result of mapping FN over LIST. + Thus function FN should return a list. + + (-mapcat 'list '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ (1 2 3) + (-mapcat (lambda (item) (list 0 item)) '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ (0 1 0 2 0 3) + (--mapcat (list 0 it) '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ (0 1 0 2 0 3) + + -- Function: -copy (list) + Create a shallow copy of LIST. + + (-copy '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ (1 2 3) + (let ((a '(1 2 3))) (eq a (-copy a))) + ⇒ nil + + +File: dash.info, Node: Sublist selection, Next: List to list, Prev: Maps, Up: Functions + +2.2 Sublist selection +===================== + +Functions returning a sublist of the original list. + + -- Function: -filter (pred list) + Return a new list of the items in LIST for which PRED returns + non-‘nil’. + + Alias: ‘-select’. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--filter’. + + For similar operations, see also ‘-keep’ (*note -keep::) and + ‘-remove’ (*note -remove::). + + (-filter (lambda (num) (= 0 (% num 2))) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (2 4) + (-filter #'natnump '(-2 -1 0 1 2)) + ⇒ (0 1 2) + (--filter (= 0 (% it 2)) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (2 4) + + -- Function: -remove (pred list) + Return a new list of the items in LIST for which PRED returns + ‘nil’. + + Alias: ‘-reject’. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--remove’. + + For similar operations, see also ‘-keep’ (*note -keep::) and + ‘-filter’ (*note -filter::). + + (-remove (lambda (num) (= 0 (% num 2))) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 3) + (-remove #'natnump '(-2 -1 0 1 2)) + ⇒ (-2 -1) + (--remove (= 0 (% it 2)) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 3) + + -- Function: -remove-first (pred list) + Remove the first item from LIST for which PRED returns non-‘nil’. + This is a non-destructive operation, but only the front of LIST + leading up to the removed item is a copy; the rest is LIST’s + original tail. If no item is removed, then the result is a + complete copy. + + Alias: ‘-reject-first’. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--remove-first’. + + See also ‘-map-first’ (*note -map-first::), ‘-remove-item’ (*note + -remove-item::), and ‘-remove-last’ (*note -remove-last::). + + (-remove-first #'natnump '(-2 -1 0 1 2)) + ⇒ (-2 -1 1 2) + (-remove-first #'stringp '(1 2 "first" "second")) + ⇒ (1 2 "second") + (--remove-first (> it 3) '(1 2 3 4 5 6)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 5 6) + + -- Function: -remove-last (pred list) + Remove the last item from LIST for which PRED returns non-‘nil’. + The result is a copy of LIST regardless of whether an element is + removed. + + Alias: ‘-reject-last’. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--remove-last’. + + See also ‘-map-last’ (*note -map-last::), ‘-remove-item’ (*note + -remove-item::), and ‘-remove-first’ (*note -remove-first::). + + (-remove-last #'natnump '(1 3 5 4 7 8 10 -11)) + ⇒ (1 3 5 4 7 8 -11) + (-remove-last #'stringp '(1 2 "last" "second")) + ⇒ (1 2 "last") + (--remove-last (> it 3) '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9) + + -- Function: -remove-item (item list) + Return a copy of LIST with all occurrences of ITEM removed. The + comparison is done with ‘equal’. + + (-remove-item 3 '(1 2 3 2 3 4 5 3)) + ⇒ (1 2 2 4 5) + (-remove-item 'foo '(foo bar baz foo)) + ⇒ (bar baz) + (-remove-item "bob" '("alice" "bob" "eve" "bob")) + ⇒ ("alice" "eve") + + -- Function: -non-nil (list) + Return a copy of LIST with all ‘nil’ items removed. + + (-non-nil '(nil 1 nil 2 nil nil 3 4 nil 5 nil)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4 5) + (-non-nil '((nil))) + ⇒ ((nil)) + (-non-nil ()) + ⇒ () + + -- Function: -slice (list from &optional to step) + Return copy of LIST, starting from index FROM to index TO. + + FROM or TO may be negative. These values are then interpreted + modulo the length of the list. + + If STEP is a number, only each STEPth item in the resulting section + is returned. Defaults to 1. + + (-slice '(1 2 3 4 5) 1) + ⇒ (2 3 4 5) + (-slice '(1 2 3 4 5) 0 3) + ⇒ (1 2 3) + (-slice '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9) 1 -1 2) + ⇒ (2 4 6 8) + + -- Function: -take (n list) + Return a copy of the first N items in LIST. Return a copy of LIST + if it contains N items or fewer. Return ‘nil’ if N is zero or + less. + + See also: ‘-take-last’ (*note -take-last::). + + (-take 3 '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ (1 2 3) + (-take 17 '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4 5) + (-take 0 '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ () + + -- Function: -take-last (n list) + Return a copy of the last N items of LIST in order. Return a copy + of LIST if it contains N items or fewer. Return ‘nil’ if N is zero + or less. + + See also: ‘-take’ (*note -take::). + + (-take-last 3 '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ (3 4 5) + (-take-last 17 '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4 5) + (-take-last 1 '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ (5) + + -- Function: -drop (n list) + Return the tail (not a copy) of LIST without the first N items. + Return ‘nil’ if LIST contains N items or fewer. Return LIST if N + is zero or less. + + For another variant, see also ‘-drop-last’ (*note -drop-last::). + + (-drop 3 '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ (4 5) + (-drop 17 '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ () + (-drop 0 '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4 5) + + -- Function: -drop-last (n list) + Return a copy of LIST without its last N items. Return a copy of + LIST if N is zero or less. Return ‘nil’ if LIST contains N items + or fewer. + + See also: ‘-drop’ (*note -drop::). + + (-drop-last 3 '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ (1 2) + (-drop-last 17 '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ () + (-drop-last 0 '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4 5) + + -- Function: -take-while (pred list) + Take successive items from LIST for which PRED returns non-‘nil’. + PRED is a function of one argument. Return a new list of the + successive elements from the start of LIST for which PRED returns + non-‘nil’. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--take-while’. + + For another variant, see also ‘-drop-while’ (*note -drop-while::). + + (-take-while #'even? '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ () + (-take-while #'even? '(2 4 5 6)) + ⇒ (2 4) + (--take-while (< it 4) '(1 2 3 4 3 2 1)) + ⇒ (1 2 3) + + -- Function: -drop-while (pred list) + Drop successive items from LIST for which PRED returns non-‘nil’. + PRED is a function of one argument. Return the tail (not a copy) + of LIST starting from its first element for which PRED returns + ‘nil’. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--drop-while’. + + For another variant, see also ‘-take-while’ (*note -take-while::). + + (-drop-while #'even? '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4) + (-drop-while #'even? '(2 4 5 6)) + ⇒ (5 6) + (--drop-while (< it 4) '(1 2 3 4 3 2 1)) + ⇒ (4 3 2 1) + + -- Function: -select-by-indices (indices list) + Return a list whose elements are elements from LIST selected as + ‘(nth i list)‘ for all i from INDICES. + + (-select-by-indices '(4 10 2 3 6) '("v" "e" "l" "o" "c" "i" "r" "a" "p" "t" "o" "r")) + ⇒ ("c" "o" "l" "o" "r") + (-select-by-indices '(2 1 0) '("a" "b" "c")) + ⇒ ("c" "b" "a") + (-select-by-indices '(0 1 2 0 1 3 3 1) '("f" "a" "r" "l")) + ⇒ ("f" "a" "r" "f" "a" "l" "l" "a") + + -- Function: -select-columns (columns table) + Select COLUMNS from TABLE. + + TABLE is a list of lists where each element represents one row. It + is assumed each row has the same length. + + Each row is transformed such that only the specified COLUMNS are + selected. + + See also: ‘-select-column’ (*note -select-column::), + ‘-select-by-indices’ (*note -select-by-indices::) + + (-select-columns '(0 2) '((1 2 3) (a b c) (:a :b :c))) + ⇒ ((1 3) (a c) (:a :c)) + (-select-columns '(1) '((1 2 3) (a b c) (:a :b :c))) + ⇒ ((2) (b) (:b)) + (-select-columns nil '((1 2 3) (a b c) (:a :b :c))) + ⇒ (nil nil nil) + + -- Function: -select-column (column table) + Select COLUMN from TABLE. + + TABLE is a list of lists where each element represents one row. It + is assumed each row has the same length. + + The single selected column is returned as a list. + + See also: ‘-select-columns’ (*note -select-columns::), + ‘-select-by-indices’ (*note -select-by-indices::) + + (-select-column 1 '((1 2 3) (a b c) (:a :b :c))) + ⇒ (2 b :b) + + +File: dash.info, Node: List to list, Next: Reductions, Prev: Sublist selection, Up: Functions + +2.3 List to list +================ + +Functions returning a modified copy of the input list. + + -- Function: -keep (fn list) + Return a new list of the non-‘nil’ results of applying FN to each + item in LIST. Like ‘-filter’ (*note -filter::), but returns the + non-‘nil’ results of FN instead of the corresponding elements of + LIST. + + Its anaphoric counterpart is ‘--keep’. + + (-keep #'cdr '((1 2 3) (4 5) (6))) + ⇒ ((2 3) (5)) + (-keep (lambda (n) (and (> n 3) (* 10 n))) '(1 2 3 4 5 6)) + ⇒ (40 50 60) + (--keep (and (> it 3) (* 10 it)) '(1 2 3 4 5 6)) + ⇒ (40 50 60) + + -- Function: -concat (&rest sequences) + Concatenate all the arguments and make the result a list. The + result is a list whose elements are the elements of all the + arguments. Each argument may be a list, vector or string. The + last argument is not copied, just used as the tail of the new list. + + (-concat '(1)) + ⇒ (1) + (-concat '(1) '(2)) + ⇒ (1 2) + (-concat '(1) '(2 3) '(4)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4) + + -- Function: -flatten (l) + Take a nested list L and return its contents as a single, flat + list. + + Note that because ‘nil’ represents a list of zero elements (an + empty list), any mention of ‘nil’ in L will disappear after + flattening. If you need to preserve nils, consider ‘-flatten-n’ + (*note -flatten-n::) or map them to some unique symbol and then map + them back. + + Conses of two atoms are considered "terminals", that is, they + aren’t flattened further. + + See also: ‘-flatten-n’ (*note -flatten-n::) + + (-flatten '((1))) + ⇒ (1) + (-flatten '((1 (2 3) (((4 (5))))))) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4 5) + (-flatten '(1 2 (3 . 4))) + ⇒ (1 2 (3 . 4)) + + -- Function: -flatten-n (num list) + Flatten NUM levels of a nested LIST. + + See also: ‘-flatten’ (*note -flatten::) + + (-flatten-n 1 '((1 2) ((3 4) ((5 6))))) + ⇒ (1 2 (3 4) ((5 6))) + (-flatten-n 2 '((1 2) ((3 4) ((5 6))))) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4 (5 6)) + (-flatten-n 3 '((1 2) ((3 4) ((5 6))))) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4 5 6) + + -- Function: -replace (old new list) + Replace all OLD items in LIST with NEW. + + Elements are compared using ‘equal’. + + See also: ‘-replace-at’ (*note -replace-at::) + + (-replace 1 "1" '(1 2 3 4 3 2 1)) + ⇒ ("1" 2 3 4 3 2 "1") + (-replace "foo" "bar" '("a" "nice" "foo" "sentence" "about" "foo")) + ⇒ ("a" "nice" "bar" "sentence" "about" "bar") + (-replace 1 2 nil) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -replace-first (old new list) + Replace the first occurrence of OLD with NEW in LIST. + + Elements are compared using ‘equal’. + + See also: ‘-map-first’ (*note -map-first::) + + (-replace-first 1 "1" '(1 2 3 4 3 2 1)) + ⇒ ("1" 2 3 4 3 2 1) + (-replace-first "foo" "bar" '("a" "nice" "foo" "sentence" "about" "foo")) + ⇒ ("a" "nice" "bar" "sentence" "about" "foo") + (-replace-first 1 2 nil) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -replace-last (old new list) + Replace the last occurrence of OLD with NEW in LIST. + + Elements are compared using ‘equal’. + + See also: ‘-map-last’ (*note -map-last::) + + (-replace-last 1 "1" '(1 2 3 4 3 2 1)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4 3 2 "1") + (-replace-last "foo" "bar" '("a" "nice" "foo" "sentence" "about" "foo")) + ⇒ ("a" "nice" "foo" "sentence" "about" "bar") + (-replace-last 1 2 nil) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -insert-at (n x list) + Return a list with X inserted into LIST at position N. + + See also: ‘-splice’ (*note -splice::), ‘-splice-list’ (*note + -splice-list::) + + (-insert-at 1 'x '(a b c)) + ⇒ (a x b c) + (-insert-at 12 'x '(a b c)) + ⇒ (a b c x) + + -- Function: -replace-at (n x list) + Return a list with element at Nth position in LIST replaced with X. + + See also: ‘-replace’ (*note -replace::) + + (-replace-at 0 9 '(0 1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ (9 1 2 3 4 5) + (-replace-at 1 9 '(0 1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ (0 9 2 3 4 5) + (-replace-at 4 9 '(0 1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ (0 1 2 3 9 5) + + -- Function: -update-at (n func list) + Use FUNC to update the Nth element of LIST. Return a copy of LIST + where the Nth element is replaced with the result of calling FUNC + on it. + + See also: ‘-map-when’ (*note -map-when::) + + (-update-at 0 (lambda (x) (+ x 9)) '(0 1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ (9 1 2 3 4 5) + (-update-at 1 (lambda (x) (+ x 8)) '(0 1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ (0 9 2 3 4 5) + (--update-at 2 (length it) '("foo" "bar" "baz" "quux")) + ⇒ ("foo" "bar" 3 "quux") + + -- Function: -remove-at (n list) + Return a list with element at Nth position in LIST removed. + + See also: ‘-remove-at-indices’ (*note -remove-at-indices::), + ‘-remove’ (*note -remove::) + + (-remove-at 0 '("0" "1" "2" "3" "4" "5")) + ⇒ ("1" "2" "3" "4" "5") + (-remove-at 1 '("0" "1" "2" "3" "4" "5")) + ⇒ ("0" "2" "3" "4" "5") + (-remove-at 2 '("0" "1" "2" "3" "4" "5")) + ⇒ ("0" "1" "3" "4" "5") + + -- Function: -remove-at-indices (indices list) + Return a list whose elements are elements from LIST without + elements selected as ‘(nth i list)‘ for all i from INDICES. + + See also: ‘-remove-at’ (*note -remove-at::), ‘-remove’ (*note + -remove::) + + (-remove-at-indices '(0) '("0" "1" "2" "3" "4" "5")) + ⇒ ("1" "2" "3" "4" "5") + (-remove-at-indices '(0 2 4) '("0" "1" "2" "3" "4" "5")) + ⇒ ("1" "3" "5") + (-remove-at-indices '(0 5) '("0" "1" "2" "3" "4" "5")) + ⇒ ("1" "2" "3" "4") + + +File: dash.info, Node: Reductions, Next: Unfolding, Prev: List to list, Up: Functions + +2.4 Reductions +============== + +Functions reducing lists to a single value (which may also be a list). + + -- Function: -reduce-from (fn init list) + Reduce the function FN across LIST, starting with INIT. Return the + result of applying FN to INIT and the first element of LIST, then + applying FN to that result and the second element, etc. If LIST is + empty, return INIT without calling FN. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--reduce-from’. + + For other folds, see also ‘-reduce’ (*note -reduce::) and + ‘-reduce-r’ (*note -reduce-r::). + + (-reduce-from #'- 10 '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ 4 + (-reduce-from #'list 10 '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ (((10 1) 2) 3) + (--reduce-from (concat acc " " it) "START" '("a" "b" "c")) + ⇒ "START a b c" + + -- Function: -reduce-r-from (fn init list) + Reduce the function FN across LIST in reverse, starting with INIT. + Return the result of applying FN to the last element of LIST and + INIT, then applying FN to the second-to-last element and the + previous result of FN, etc. That is, the first argument of FN is + the current element, and its second argument the accumulated value. + If LIST is empty, return INIT without calling FN. + + This function is like ‘-reduce-from’ (*note -reduce-from::) but the + operation associates from the right rather than left. In other + words, it starts from the end of LIST and flips the arguments to + FN. Conceptually, it is like replacing the conses in LIST with + applications of FN, and its last link with INIT, and evaluating the + resulting expression. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--reduce-r-from’. + + For other folds, see also ‘-reduce-r’ (*note -reduce-r::) and + ‘-reduce’ (*note -reduce::). + + (-reduce-r-from #'- 10 '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ -8 + (-reduce-r-from #'list 10 '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ (1 (2 (3 10))) + (--reduce-r-from (concat it " " acc) "END" '("a" "b" "c")) + ⇒ "a b c END" + + -- Function: -reduce (fn list) + Reduce the function FN across LIST. Return the result of applying + FN to the first two elements of LIST, then applying FN to that + result and the third element, etc. If LIST contains a single + element, return it without calling FN. If LIST is empty, return + the result of calling FN with no arguments. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--reduce’. + + For other folds, see also ‘-reduce-from’ (*note -reduce-from::) and + ‘-reduce-r’ (*note -reduce-r::). + + (-reduce #'- '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ -8 + (-reduce #'list '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (((1 2) 3) 4) + (--reduce (format "%s-%d" acc it) '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ "1-2-3" + + -- Function: -reduce-r (fn list) + Reduce the function FN across LIST in reverse. Return the result + of applying FN to the last two elements of LIST, then applying FN + to the third-to-last element and the previous result of FN, etc. + That is, the first argument of FN is the current element, and its + second argument the accumulated value. If LIST contains a single + element, return it without calling FN. If LIST is empty, return + the result of calling FN with no arguments. + + This function is like ‘-reduce’ (*note -reduce::) but the operation + associates from the right rather than left. In other words, it + starts from the end of LIST and flips the arguments to FN. + Conceptually, it is like replacing the conses in LIST with + applications of FN, ignoring its last link, and evaluating the + resulting expression. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--reduce-r’. + + For other folds, see also ‘-reduce-r-from’ (*note -reduce-r-from::) + and ‘-reduce’ (*note -reduce::). + + (-reduce-r #'- '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ -2 + (-reduce-r #'list '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 (2 (3 4))) + (--reduce-r (format "%s-%d" acc it) '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ "3-2-1" + + -- Function: -reductions-from (fn init list) + Return a list of FN’s intermediate reductions across LIST. That + is, a list of the intermediate values of the accumulator when + ‘-reduce-from’ (*note -reduce-from::) (which see) is called with + the same arguments. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--reductions-from’. + + For other folds, see also ‘-reductions’ (*note -reductions::) and + ‘-reductions-r’ (*note -reductions-r::). + + (-reductions-from #'max 0 '(2 1 4 3)) + ⇒ (0 2 2 4 4) + (-reductions-from #'* 1 '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 1 2 6 24) + (--reductions-from (format "(FN %s %d)" acc it) "INIT" '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ ("INIT" "(FN INIT 1)" "(FN (FN INIT 1) 2)" "(FN (FN (FN INIT 1) 2) 3)") + + -- Function: -reductions-r-from (fn init list) + Return a list of FN’s intermediate reductions across reversed LIST. + That is, a list of the intermediate values of the accumulator when + ‘-reduce-r-from’ (*note -reduce-r-from::) (which see) is called + with the same arguments. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--reductions-r-from’. + + For other folds, see also ‘-reductions’ (*note -reductions::) and + ‘-reductions-r’ (*note -reductions-r::). + + (-reductions-r-from #'max 0 '(2 1 4 3)) + ⇒ (4 4 4 3 0) + (-reductions-r-from #'* 1 '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (24 24 12 4 1) + (--reductions-r-from (format "(FN %d %s)" it acc) "INIT" '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ ("(FN 1 (FN 2 (FN 3 INIT)))" "(FN 2 (FN 3 INIT))" "(FN 3 INIT)" "INIT") + + -- Function: -reductions (fn list) + Return a list of FN’s intermediate reductions across LIST. That + is, a list of the intermediate values of the accumulator when + ‘-reduce’ (*note -reduce::) (which see) is called with the same + arguments. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--reductions’. + + For other folds, see also ‘-reductions’ (*note -reductions::) and + ‘-reductions-r’ (*note -reductions-r::). + + (-reductions #'+ '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 3 6 10) + (-reductions #'* '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 2 6 24) + (--reductions (format "(FN %s %d)" acc it) '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ (1 "(FN 1 2)" "(FN (FN 1 2) 3)") + + -- Function: -reductions-r (fn list) + Return a list of FN’s intermediate reductions across reversed LIST. + That is, a list of the intermediate values of the accumulator when + ‘-reduce-r’ (*note -reduce-r::) (which see) is called with the same + arguments. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--reductions-r’. + + For other folds, see also ‘-reductions-r-from’ (*note + -reductions-r-from::) and ‘-reductions’ (*note -reductions::). + + (-reductions-r #'+ '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (10 9 7 4) + (-reductions-r #'* '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (24 24 12 4) + (--reductions-r (format "(FN %d %s)" it acc) '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ ("(FN 1 (FN 2 3))" "(FN 2 3)" 3) + + -- Function: -count (pred list) + Counts the number of items in LIST where (PRED item) is non-‘nil’. + + (-count 'even? '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ 2 + (--count (< it 4) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ 3 + + -- Function: -sum (list) + Return the sum of LIST. + + (-sum ()) + ⇒ 0 + (-sum '(1)) + ⇒ 1 + (-sum '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ 10 + + -- Function: -running-sum (list) + Return a list with running sums of items in LIST. LIST must be + non-empty. + + (-running-sum '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 3 6 10) + (-running-sum '(1)) + ⇒ (1) + (-running-sum ()) + error→ Wrong type argument: consp, nil + + -- Function: -product (list) + Return the product of LIST. + + (-product ()) + ⇒ 1 + (-product '(1)) + ⇒ 1 + (-product '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ 24 + + -- Function: -running-product (list) + Return a list with running products of items in LIST. LIST must be + non-empty. + + (-running-product '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 2 6 24) + (-running-product '(1)) + ⇒ (1) + (-running-product ()) + error→ Wrong type argument: consp, nil + + -- Function: -inits (list) + Return all prefixes of LIST. + + (-inits '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (nil (1) (1 2) (1 2 3) (1 2 3 4)) + (-inits nil) + ⇒ (nil) + (-inits '(1)) + ⇒ (nil (1)) + + -- Function: -tails (list) + Return all suffixes of LIST + + (-tails '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ ((1 2 3 4) (2 3 4) (3 4) (4) nil) + (-tails nil) + ⇒ (nil) + (-tails '(1)) + ⇒ ((1) nil) + + -- Function: -common-prefix (&rest lists) + Return the longest common prefix of LISTS. + + (-common-prefix '(1)) + ⇒ (1) + (-common-prefix '(1 2) '(3 4) '(1 2)) + ⇒ () + (-common-prefix '(1 2) '(1 2 3) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (1 2) + + -- Function: -common-suffix (&rest lists) + Return the longest common suffix of LISTS. + + (-common-suffix '(1)) + ⇒ (1) + (-common-suffix '(1 2) '(3 4) '(1 2)) + ⇒ () + (-common-suffix '(1 2 3 4) '(2 3 4) '(3 4)) + ⇒ (3 4) + + -- Function: -min (list) + Return the smallest value from LIST of numbers or markers. + + (-min '(0)) + ⇒ 0 + (-min '(3 2 1)) + ⇒ 1 + (-min '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ 1 + + -- Function: -min-by (comparator list) + Take a comparison function COMPARATOR and a LIST and return the + least element of the list by the comparison function. + + See also combinator ‘-on’ (*note -on::) which can transform the + values before comparing them. + + (-min-by '> '(4 3 6 1)) + ⇒ 1 + (--min-by (> (car it) (car other)) '((1 2 3) (2) (3 2))) + ⇒ (1 2 3) + (--min-by (> (length it) (length other)) '((1 2 3) (2) (3 2))) + ⇒ (2) + + -- Function: -max (list) + Return the largest value from LIST of numbers or markers. + + (-max '(0)) + ⇒ 0 + (-max '(3 2 1)) + ⇒ 3 + (-max '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ 3 + + -- Function: -max-by (comparator list) + Take a comparison function COMPARATOR and a LIST and return the + greatest element of the list by the comparison function. + + See also combinator ‘-on’ (*note -on::) which can transform the + values before comparing them. + + (-max-by '> '(4 3 6 1)) + ⇒ 6 + (--max-by (> (car it) (car other)) '((1 2 3) (2) (3 2))) + ⇒ (3 2) + (--max-by (> (length it) (length other)) '((1 2 3) (2) (3 2))) + ⇒ (1 2 3) + + +File: dash.info, Node: Unfolding, Next: Predicates, Prev: Reductions, Up: Functions + +2.5 Unfolding +============= + +Operations dual to reductions, building lists from a seed value rather +than consuming a list to produce a single value. + + -- Function: -iterate (fun init n) + Return a list of iterated applications of FUN to INIT. + + This means a list of the form: + + (INIT (FUN INIT) (FUN (FUN INIT)) ...) + + N is the length of the returned list. + + (-iterate #'1+ 1 10) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10) + (-iterate (lambda (x) (+ x x)) 2 5) + ⇒ (2 4 8 16 32) + (--iterate (* it it) 2 5) + ⇒ (2 4 16 256 65536) + + -- Function: -unfold (fun seed) + Build a list from SEED using FUN. + + This is "dual" operation to ‘-reduce-r’ (*note -reduce-r::): while + -reduce-r consumes a list to produce a single value, ‘-unfold’ + (*note -unfold::) takes a seed value and builds a (potentially + infinite!) list. + + FUN should return ‘nil’ to stop the generating process, or a cons + (A . B), where A will be prepended to the result and B is the new + seed. + + (-unfold (lambda (x) (unless (= x 0) (cons x (1- x)))) 10) + ⇒ (10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1) + (--unfold (when it (cons it (cdr it))) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ ((1 2 3 4) (2 3 4) (3 4) (4)) + (--unfold (when it (cons it (butlast it))) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ ((1 2 3 4) (1 2 3) (1 2) (1)) + + +File: dash.info, Node: Predicates, Next: Partitioning, Prev: Unfolding, Up: Functions + +2.6 Predicates +============== + +Reductions of one or more lists to a boolean value. + + -- Function: -some (pred list) + Return (PRED x) for the first LIST item where (PRED x) is + non-‘nil’, else ‘nil’. + + Alias: ‘-any’. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--some’. + + (-some #'stringp '(1 "2" 3)) + ⇒ t + (--some (string-match-p "x" it) '("foo" "axe" "xor")) + ⇒ 1 + (--some (= it-index 3) '(0 1 2)) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -every (pred list) + Return non-‘nil’ if PRED returns non-‘nil’ for all items in LIST. + If so, return the last such result of PRED. Otherwise, once an + item is reached for which PRED returns ‘nil’, return ‘nil’ without + calling PRED on any further LIST elements. + + This function is like ‘-every-p’, but on success returns the last + non-‘nil’ result of PRED instead of just ‘t’. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--every’. + + (-every #'numberp '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ t + (--every (string-match-p "x" it) '("axe" "xor")) + ⇒ 0 + (--every (= it it-index) '(0 1 3)) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -any? (pred list) + Return ‘t’ if (PRED X) is non-‘nil’ for any X in LIST, else ‘nil’. + + Alias: ‘-any-p’, ‘-some?’, ‘-some-p’ + + (-any? #'numberp '(nil 0 t)) + ⇒ t + (-any? #'numberp '(nil t t)) + ⇒ nil + (-any? #'null '(1 3 5)) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -all? (pred list) + Return ‘t’ if (PRED X) is non-‘nil’ for all X in LIST, else ‘nil’. + In the latter case, stop after the first X for which (PRED X) is + ‘nil’, without calling PRED on any subsequent elements of LIST. + + The similar function ‘-every’ (*note -every::) is more widely + useful, since it returns the last non-‘nil’ result of PRED instead + of just ‘t’ on success. + + Alias: ‘-all-p’, ‘-every-p’, ‘-every?’. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--all?’. + + (-all? #'numberp '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ t + (-all? #'numberp '(2 t 6)) + ⇒ nil + (--all? (= 0 (% it 2)) '(2 4 6)) + ⇒ t + + -- Function: -none? (pred list) + Return ‘t’ if (PRED X) is ‘nil’ for all X in LIST, else ‘nil’. + + Alias: ‘-none-p’ + + (-none? 'even? '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ nil + (-none? 'even? '(1 3 5)) + ⇒ t + (--none? (= 0 (% it 2)) '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -only-some? (pred list) + Return ‘t’ if different LIST items both satisfy and do not satisfy + PRED. That is, if PRED returns both ‘nil’ for at least one item, + and non-‘nil’ for at least one other item in LIST. Return ‘nil’ if + all items satisfy the predicate or none of them do. + + Alias: ‘-only-some-p’ + + (-only-some? 'even? '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ t + (-only-some? 'even? '(1 3 5)) + ⇒ nil + (-only-some? 'even? '(2 4 6)) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -contains? (list element) + Return non-‘nil’ if LIST contains ELEMENT. + + The test for equality is done with ‘equal’, or with ‘-compare-fn’ + if that’s non-‘nil’. + + Alias: ‘-contains-p’ + + (-contains? '(1 2 3) 1) + ⇒ t + (-contains? '(1 2 3) 2) + ⇒ t + (-contains? '(1 2 3) 4) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -same-items? (list list2) + Return true if LIST and LIST2 has the same items. + + The order of the elements in the lists does not matter. + + Alias: ‘-same-items-p’ + + (-same-items? '(1 2 3) '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ t + (-same-items? '(1 2 3) '(3 2 1)) + ⇒ t + (-same-items? '(1 2 3) '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -is-prefix? (prefix list) + Return non-‘nil’ if PREFIX is a prefix of LIST. + + Alias: ‘-is-prefix-p’. + + (-is-prefix? '(1 2 3) '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ t + (-is-prefix? '(1 2 3 4 5) '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ nil + (-is-prefix? '(1 3) '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -is-suffix? (suffix list) + Return non-‘nil’ if SUFFIX is a suffix of LIST. + + Alias: ‘-is-suffix-p’. + + (-is-suffix? '(3 4 5) '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ t + (-is-suffix? '(1 2 3 4 5) '(3 4 5)) + ⇒ nil + (-is-suffix? '(3 5) '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -is-infix? (infix list) + Return non-‘nil’ if INFIX is infix of LIST. + + This operation runs in O(n^2) time + + Alias: ‘-is-infix-p’ + + (-is-infix? '(1 2 3) '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ t + (-is-infix? '(2 3 4) '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ t + (-is-infix? '(3 4 5) '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ t + + -- Function: -cons-pair? (obj) + Return non-‘nil’ if OBJ is a true cons pair. That is, a cons (A . + B) where B is not a list. + + Alias: ‘-cons-pair-p’. + + (-cons-pair? '(1 . 2)) + ⇒ t + (-cons-pair? '(1 2)) + ⇒ nil + (-cons-pair? '(1)) + ⇒ nil + + +File: dash.info, Node: Partitioning, Next: Indexing, Prev: Predicates, Up: Functions + +2.7 Partitioning +================ + +Functions partitioning the input list into a list of lists. + + -- Function: -split-at (n list) + Split LIST into two sublists after the Nth element. The result is + a list of two elements (TAKE DROP) where TAKE is a new list of the + first N elements of LIST, and DROP is the remaining elements of + LIST (not a copy). TAKE and DROP are like the results of ‘-take’ + (*note -take::) and ‘-drop’ (*note -drop::), respectively, but the + split is done in a single list traversal. + + (-split-at 3 '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ ((1 2 3) (4 5)) + (-split-at 17 '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ ((1 2 3 4 5) nil) + (-split-at 0 '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ (nil (1 2 3 4 5)) + + -- Function: -split-with (pred list) + Split LIST into a prefix satisfying PRED, and the rest. The first + sublist is the prefix of LIST with successive elements satisfying + PRED, and the second sublist is the remaining elements that do not. + The result is like performing + + ((-take-while PRED LIST) (-drop-while PRED LIST)) + + but in no more than a single pass through LIST. + + (-split-with 'even? '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ (nil (1 2 3 4)) + (-split-with 'even? '(2 4 5 6)) + ⇒ ((2 4) (5 6)) + (--split-with (< it 4) '(1 2 3 4 3 2 1)) + ⇒ ((1 2 3) (4 3 2 1)) + + -- Macro: -split-on (item list) + Split the LIST each time ITEM is found. + + Unlike ‘-partition-by’ (*note -partition-by::), the ITEM is + discarded from the results. Empty lists are also removed from the + result. + + Comparison is done by ‘equal’. + + See also ‘-split-when’ (*note -split-when::) + + (-split-on '| '(Nil | Leaf a | Node [Tree a])) + ⇒ ((Nil) (Leaf a) (Node [Tree a])) + (-split-on :endgroup '("a" "b" :endgroup "c" :endgroup "d" "e")) + ⇒ (("a" "b") ("c") ("d" "e")) + (-split-on :endgroup '("a" "b" :endgroup :endgroup "d" "e")) + ⇒ (("a" "b") ("d" "e")) + + -- Function: -split-when (fn list) + Split the LIST on each element where FN returns non-‘nil’. + + Unlike ‘-partition-by’ (*note -partition-by::), the "matched" + element is discarded from the results. Empty lists are also + removed from the result. + + This function can be thought of as a generalization of + ‘split-string’. + + (-split-when 'even? '(1 2 3 4 5 6)) + ⇒ ((1) (3) (5)) + (-split-when 'even? '(1 2 3 4 6 8 9)) + ⇒ ((1) (3) (9)) + (--split-when (memq it '(&optional &rest)) '(a b &optional c d &rest args)) + ⇒ ((a b) (c d) (args)) + + -- Function: -separate (pred list) + Split LIST into two sublists based on whether items satisfy PRED. + The result is like performing + + ((-filter PRED LIST) (-remove PRED LIST)) + + but in a single pass through LIST. + + (-separate (lambda (num) (= 0 (% num 2))) '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7)) + ⇒ ((2 4 6) (1 3 5 7)) + (--separate (< it 5) '(3 7 5 9 3 2 1 4 6)) + ⇒ ((3 3 2 1 4) (7 5 9 6)) + (-separate 'cdr '((1 2) (1) (1 2 3) (4))) + ⇒ (((1 2) (1 2 3)) ((1) (4))) + + -- Function: -partition (n list) + Return a new list with the items in LIST grouped into N-sized + sublists. If there are not enough items to make the last group + N-sized, those items are discarded. + + (-partition 2 '(1 2 3 4 5 6)) + ⇒ ((1 2) (3 4) (5 6)) + (-partition 2 '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7)) + ⇒ ((1 2) (3 4) (5 6)) + (-partition 3 '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7)) + ⇒ ((1 2 3) (4 5 6)) + + -- Function: -partition-all (n list) + Return a new list with the items in LIST grouped into N-sized + sublists. The last group may contain less than N items. + + (-partition-all 2 '(1 2 3 4 5 6)) + ⇒ ((1 2) (3 4) (5 6)) + (-partition-all 2 '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7)) + ⇒ ((1 2) (3 4) (5 6) (7)) + (-partition-all 3 '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7)) + ⇒ ((1 2 3) (4 5 6) (7)) + + -- Function: -partition-in-steps (n step list) + Partition LIST into sublists of length N that are STEP items apart. + Like ‘-partition-all-in-steps’ (*note -partition-all-in-steps::), + but if there are not enough items to make the last group N-sized, + those items are discarded. + + (-partition-in-steps 2 1 '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ ((1 2) (2 3) (3 4)) + (-partition-in-steps 3 2 '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ ((1 2 3)) + (-partition-in-steps 3 2 '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ ((1 2 3) (3 4 5)) + + -- Function: -partition-all-in-steps (n step list) + Partition LIST into sublists of length N that are STEP items apart. + Adjacent groups may overlap if N exceeds the STEP stride. Trailing + groups may contain less than N items. + + (-partition-all-in-steps 2 1 '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ ((1 2) (2 3) (3 4) (4)) + (-partition-all-in-steps 3 2 '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ ((1 2 3) (3 4)) + (-partition-all-in-steps 3 2 '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ ((1 2 3) (3 4 5) (5)) + + -- Function: -partition-by (fn list) + Apply FN to each item in LIST, splitting it each time FN returns a + new value. + + (-partition-by 'even? ()) + ⇒ () + (-partition-by 'even? '(1 1 2 2 2 3 4 6 8)) + ⇒ ((1 1) (2 2 2) (3) (4 6 8)) + (--partition-by (< it 3) '(1 2 3 4 3 2 1)) + ⇒ ((1 2) (3 4 3) (2 1)) + + -- Function: -partition-by-header (fn list) + Apply FN to the first item in LIST. That is the header value. + Apply FN to each item in LIST, splitting it each time FN returns + the header value, but only after seeing at least one other value + (the body). + + (--partition-by-header (= it 1) '(1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ ((1 2 3) (1 2) (1 2 3 4)) + (--partition-by-header (> it 0) '(1 2 0 1 0 1 2 3 0)) + ⇒ ((1 2 0) (1 0) (1 2 3 0)) + (-partition-by-header 'even? '(2 1 1 1 4 1 3 5 6 6 1)) + ⇒ ((2 1 1 1) (4 1 3 5) (6 6 1)) + + -- Function: -partition-after-pred (pred list) + Partition LIST after each element for which PRED returns non-‘nil’. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--partition-after-pred’. + + (-partition-after-pred #'booleanp ()) + ⇒ () + (-partition-after-pred #'booleanp '(t t)) + ⇒ ((t) (t)) + (-partition-after-pred #'booleanp '(0 0 t t 0 t)) + ⇒ ((0 0 t) (t) (0 t)) + + -- Function: -partition-before-pred (pred list) + Partition directly before each time PRED is true on an element of + LIST. + + (-partition-before-pred #'booleanp ()) + ⇒ () + (-partition-before-pred #'booleanp '(0 t)) + ⇒ ((0) (t)) + (-partition-before-pred #'booleanp '(0 0 t 0 t t)) + ⇒ ((0 0) (t 0) (t) (t)) + + -- Function: -partition-before-item (item list) + Partition directly before each time ITEM appears in LIST. + + (-partition-before-item 3 ()) + ⇒ () + (-partition-before-item 3 '(1)) + ⇒ ((1)) + (-partition-before-item 3 '(3)) + ⇒ ((3)) + + -- Function: -partition-after-item (item list) + Partition directly after each time ITEM appears in LIST. + + (-partition-after-item 3 ()) + ⇒ () + (-partition-after-item 3 '(1)) + ⇒ ((1)) + (-partition-after-item 3 '(3)) + ⇒ ((3)) + + -- Function: -group-by (fn list) + Separate LIST into an alist whose keys are FN applied to the + elements of LIST. Keys are compared by ‘equal’. + + (-group-by 'even? ()) + ⇒ () + (-group-by 'even? '(1 1 2 2 2 3 4 6 8)) + ⇒ ((nil 1 1 3) (t 2 2 2 4 6 8)) + (--group-by (car (split-string it "/")) '("a/b" "c/d" "a/e")) + ⇒ (("a" "a/b" "a/e") ("c" "c/d")) + + +File: dash.info, Node: Indexing, Next: Set operations, Prev: Partitioning, Up: Functions + +2.8 Indexing +============ + +Functions retrieving or sorting based on list indices and related +predicates. + + -- Function: -elem-index (elem list) + Return the index of the first element in the given LIST which is + equal to the query element ELEM, or ‘nil’ if there is no such + element. + + (-elem-index 2 '(6 7 8 2 3 4)) + ⇒ 3 + (-elem-index "bar" '("foo" "bar" "baz")) + ⇒ 1 + (-elem-index '(1 2) '((3) (5 6) (1 2) nil)) + ⇒ 2 + + -- Function: -elem-indices (elem list) + Return the indices of all elements in LIST equal to the query + element ELEM, in ascending order. + + (-elem-indices 2 '(6 7 8 2 3 4 2 1)) + ⇒ (3 6) + (-elem-indices "bar" '("foo" "bar" "baz")) + ⇒ (1) + (-elem-indices '(1 2) '((3) (1 2) (5 6) (1 2) nil)) + ⇒ (1 3) + + -- Function: -find-index (pred list) + Take a predicate PRED and a LIST and return the index of the first + element in the list satisfying the predicate, or ‘nil’ if there is + no such element. + + See also ‘-first’ (*note -first::). + + (-find-index 'even? '(2 4 1 6 3 3 5 8)) + ⇒ 0 + (--find-index (< 5 it) '(2 4 1 6 3 3 5 8)) + ⇒ 3 + (-find-index (-partial 'string-lessp "baz") '("bar" "foo" "baz")) + ⇒ 1 + + -- Function: -find-last-index (pred list) + Take a predicate PRED and a LIST and return the index of the last + element in the list satisfying the predicate, or ‘nil’ if there is + no such element. + + See also ‘-last’ (*note -last::). + + (-find-last-index 'even? '(2 4 1 6 3 3 5 8)) + ⇒ 7 + (--find-last-index (< 5 it) '(2 7 1 6 3 8 5 2)) + ⇒ 5 + (-find-last-index (-partial 'string-lessp "baz") '("q" "foo" "baz")) + ⇒ 1 + + -- Function: -find-indices (pred list) + Return the indices of all elements in LIST satisfying the predicate + PRED, in ascending order. + + (-find-indices 'even? '(2 4 1 6 3 3 5 8)) + ⇒ (0 1 3 7) + (--find-indices (< 5 it) '(2 4 1 6 3 3 5 8)) + ⇒ (3 7) + (-find-indices (-partial 'string-lessp "baz") '("bar" "foo" "baz")) + ⇒ (1) + + -- Function: -grade-up (comparator list) + Grade elements of LIST using COMPARATOR relation. This yields a + permutation vector such that applying this permutation to LIST + sorts it in ascending order. + + (-grade-up #'< '(3 1 4 2 1 3 3)) + ⇒ (1 4 3 0 5 6 2) + (let ((l '(3 1 4 2 1 3 3))) (-select-by-indices (-grade-up #'< l) l)) + ⇒ (1 1 2 3 3 3 4) + + -- Function: -grade-down (comparator list) + Grade elements of LIST using COMPARATOR relation. This yields a + permutation vector such that applying this permutation to LIST + sorts it in descending order. + + (-grade-down #'< '(3 1 4 2 1 3 3)) + ⇒ (2 0 5 6 3 1 4) + (let ((l '(3 1 4 2 1 3 3))) (-select-by-indices (-grade-down #'< l) l)) + ⇒ (4 3 3 3 2 1 1) + + +File: dash.info, Node: Set operations, Next: Other list operations, Prev: Indexing, Up: Functions + +2.9 Set operations +================== + +Operations pretending lists are sets. + + -- Function: -union (list list2) + Return a new list of all elements appearing in either LIST1 or + LIST2. Equality is defined by the value of ‘-compare-fn’ if + non-‘nil’; otherwise ‘equal’. + + (-union '(1 2 3) '(3 4 5)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4 5) + (-union '(1 2 3 4) ()) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4) + (-union '(1 1 2 2) '(3 2 1)) + ⇒ (1 1 2 2 3) + + -- Function: -difference (list list2) + Return a new list with only the members of LIST that are not in + LIST2. The test for equality is done with ‘equal’, or with + ‘-compare-fn’ if that’s non-‘nil’. + + (-difference () ()) + ⇒ () + (-difference '(1 2 3) '(4 5 6)) + ⇒ (1 2 3) + (-difference '(1 2 3 4) '(3 4 5 6)) + ⇒ (1 2) + + -- Function: -intersection (list list2) + Return a new list of the elements appearing in both LIST1 and + LIST2. Equality is defined by the value of ‘-compare-fn’ if + non-‘nil’; otherwise ‘equal’. + + (-intersection () ()) + ⇒ () + (-intersection '(1 2 3) '(4 5 6)) + ⇒ () + (-intersection '(1 2 3 4) '(3 4 5 6)) + ⇒ (3 4) + + -- Function: -powerset (list) + Return the power set of LIST. + + (-powerset ()) + ⇒ (nil) + (-powerset '(x y z)) + ⇒ ((x y z) (x y) (x z) (x) (y z) (y) (z) nil) + + -- Function: -permutations (list) + Return the permutations of LIST. + + (-permutations ()) + ⇒ (nil) + (-permutations '(1 2)) + ⇒ ((1 2) (2 1)) + (-permutations '(a b c)) + ⇒ ((a b c) (a c b) (b a c) (b c a) (c a b) (c b a)) + + -- Function: -distinct (list) + Return a new list with all duplicates removed. The test for + equality is done with ‘equal’, or with ‘-compare-fn’ if that’s + non-‘nil’. + + Alias: ‘-uniq’ + + (-distinct ()) + ⇒ () + (-distinct '(1 2 2 4)) + ⇒ (1 2 4) + (-distinct '(t t t)) + ⇒ (t) + + +File: dash.info, Node: Other list operations, Next: Tree operations, Prev: Set operations, Up: Functions + +2.10 Other list operations +========================== + +Other list functions not fit to be classified elsewhere. + + -- Function: -rotate (n list) + Rotate LIST N places to the right (left if N is negative). The + time complexity is O(n). + + (-rotate 3 '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7)) + ⇒ (5 6 7 1 2 3 4) + (-rotate -3 '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7)) + ⇒ (4 5 6 7 1 2 3) + (-rotate 16 '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7)) + ⇒ (6 7 1 2 3 4 5) + + -- Function: -repeat (n x) + Return a new list of length N with each element being X. Return + ‘nil’ if N is less than 1. + + (-repeat 3 :a) + ⇒ (:a :a :a) + (-repeat 1 :a) + ⇒ (:a) + (-repeat 0 :a) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -cons* (&rest args) + Make a new list from the elements of ARGS. The last 2 elements of + ARGS are used as the final cons of the result, so if the final + element of ARGS is not a list, the result is a dotted list. With + no ARGS, return ‘nil’. + + (-cons* 1 2) + ⇒ (1 . 2) + (-cons* 1 2 3) + ⇒ (1 2 . 3) + (-cons* 1) + ⇒ 1 + + -- Function: -snoc (list elem &rest elements) + Append ELEM to the end of the list. + + This is like ‘cons’, but operates on the end of list. + + If any ELEMENTS are given, append them to the list as well. + + (-snoc '(1 2 3) 4) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4) + (-snoc '(1 2 3) 4 5 6) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4 5 6) + (-snoc '(1 2 3) '(4 5 6)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 (4 5 6)) + + -- Function: -interpose (sep list) + Return a new list of all elements in LIST separated by SEP. + + (-interpose "-" ()) + ⇒ () + (-interpose "-" '("a")) + ⇒ ("a") + (-interpose "-" '("a" "b" "c")) + ⇒ ("a" "-" "b" "-" "c") + + -- Function: -interleave (&rest lists) + Return a new list of the first item in each list, then the second + etc. + + (-interleave '(1 2) '("a" "b")) + ⇒ (1 "a" 2 "b") + (-interleave '(1 2) '("a" "b") '("A" "B")) + ⇒ (1 "a" "A" 2 "b" "B") + (-interleave '(1 2 3) '("a" "b")) + ⇒ (1 "a" 2 "b") + + -- Function: -iota (count &optional start step) + Return a list containing COUNT numbers. Starts from START and adds + STEP each time. The default START is zero, the default STEP is 1. + This function takes its name from the corresponding primitive in + the APL language. + + (-iota 6) + ⇒ (0 1 2 3 4 5) + (-iota 4 2.5 -2) + ⇒ (2.5 0.5 -1.5 -3.5) + (-iota -1) + error→ Wrong type argument: natnump, -1 + + -- Function: -zip-with (fn list1 list2) + Zip the two lists LIST1 and LIST2 using a function FN. This + function is applied pairwise taking as first argument element of + LIST1 and as second argument element of LIST2 at corresponding + position. + + The anaphoric form ‘--zip-with’ binds the elements from LIST1 as + symbol ‘it’, and the elements from LIST2 as symbol ‘other’. + + (-zip-with '+ '(1 2 3) '(4 5 6)) + ⇒ (5 7 9) + (-zip-with 'cons '(1 2 3) '(4 5 6)) + ⇒ ((1 . 4) (2 . 5) (3 . 6)) + (--zip-with (concat it " and " other) '("Batman" "Jekyll") '("Robin" "Hyde")) + ⇒ ("Batman and Robin" "Jekyll and Hyde") + + -- Function: -zip (&rest lists) + Zip LISTS together. Group the head of each list, followed by the + second elements of each list, and so on. The lengths of the + returned groupings are equal to the length of the shortest input + list. + + If two lists are provided as arguments, return the groupings as a + list of cons cells. Otherwise, return the groupings as a list of + lists. + + Use ‘-zip-lists’ (*note -zip-lists::) if you need the return value + to always be a list of lists. + + Alias: ‘-zip-pair’ + + See also: ‘-zip-lists’ (*note -zip-lists::) + + (-zip '(1 2 3) '(4 5 6)) + ⇒ ((1 . 4) (2 . 5) (3 . 6)) + (-zip '(1 2 3) '(4 5 6 7)) + ⇒ ((1 . 4) (2 . 5) (3 . 6)) + (-zip '(1 2) '(3 4 5) '(6)) + ⇒ ((1 3 6)) + + -- Function: -zip-lists (&rest lists) + Zip LISTS together. Group the head of each list, followed by the + second elements of each list, and so on. The lengths of the + returned groupings are equal to the length of the shortest input + list. + + The return value is always list of lists, which is a difference + from ‘-zip-pair’ which returns a cons-cell in case two input lists + are provided. + + See also: ‘-zip’ (*note -zip::) + + (-zip-lists '(1 2 3) '(4 5 6)) + ⇒ ((1 4) (2 5) (3 6)) + (-zip-lists '(1 2 3) '(4 5 6 7)) + ⇒ ((1 4) (2 5) (3 6)) + (-zip-lists '(1 2) '(3 4 5) '(6)) + ⇒ ((1 3 6)) + + -- Function: -zip-fill (fill-value &rest lists) + Zip LISTS, with FILL-VALUE padded onto the shorter lists. The + lengths of the returned groupings are equal to the length of the + longest input list. + + (-zip-fill 0 '(1 2 3 4 5) '(6 7 8 9)) + ⇒ ((1 . 6) (2 . 7) (3 . 8) (4 . 9) (5 . 0)) + + -- Function: -unzip (lists) + Unzip LISTS. + + This works just like ‘-zip’ (*note -zip::) but takes a list of + lists instead of a variable number of arguments, such that + + (-unzip (-zip L1 L2 L3 ...)) + + is identity (given that the lists are the same length). + + Note in particular that calling this on a list of two lists will + return a list of cons-cells such that the above identity works. + + See also: ‘-zip’ (*note -zip::) + + (-unzip (-zip '(1 2 3) '(a b c) '("e" "f" "g"))) + ⇒ ((1 2 3) (a b c) ("e" "f" "g")) + (-unzip '((1 2) (3 4) (5 6) (7 8) (9 10))) + ⇒ ((1 3 5 7 9) (2 4 6 8 10)) + (-unzip '((1 2) (3 4))) + ⇒ ((1 . 3) (2 . 4)) + + -- Function: -cycle (list) + Return an infinite circular copy of LIST. The returned list cycles + through the elements of LIST and repeats from the beginning. + + (-take 5 (-cycle '(1 2 3))) + ⇒ (1 2 3 1 2) + (-take 7 (-cycle '(1 "and" 3))) + ⇒ (1 "and" 3 1 "and" 3 1) + (-zip (-cycle '(1 2 3)) '(1 2)) + ⇒ ((1 . 1) (2 . 2)) + + -- Function: -pad (fill-value &rest lists) + Appends FILL-VALUE to the end of each list in LISTS such that they + will all have the same length. + + (-pad 0 ()) + ⇒ (nil) + (-pad 0 '(1)) + ⇒ ((1)) + (-pad 0 '(1 2 3) '(4 5)) + ⇒ ((1 2 3) (4 5 0)) + + -- Function: -table (fn &rest lists) + Compute outer product of LISTS using function FN. + + The function FN should have the same arity as the number of + supplied lists. + + The outer product is computed by applying fn to all possible + combinations created by taking one element from each list in order. + The dimension of the result is (length lists). + + See also: ‘-table-flat’ (*note -table-flat::) + + (-table '* '(1 2 3) '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ ((1 2 3) (2 4 6) (3 6 9)) + (-table (lambda (a b) (-sum (-zip-with '* a b))) '((1 2) (3 4)) '((1 3) (2 4))) + ⇒ ((7 15) (10 22)) + (apply '-table 'list (-repeat 3 '(1 2))) + ⇒ ((((1 1 1) (2 1 1)) ((1 2 1) (2 2 1))) (((1 1 2) (2 1 2)) ((1 2 2) (2 2 2)))) + + -- Function: -table-flat (fn &rest lists) + Compute flat outer product of LISTS using function FN. + + The function FN should have the same arity as the number of + supplied lists. + + The outer product is computed by applying fn to all possible + combinations created by taking one element from each list in order. + The results are flattened, ignoring the tensor structure of the + result. This is equivalent to calling: + + (-flatten-n (1- (length lists)) (apply ’-table fn lists)) + + but the implementation here is much more efficient. + + See also: ‘-flatten-n’ (*note -flatten-n::), ‘-table’ (*note + -table::) + + (-table-flat 'list '(1 2 3) '(a b c)) + ⇒ ((1 a) (2 a) (3 a) (1 b) (2 b) (3 b) (1 c) (2 c) (3 c)) + (-table-flat '* '(1 2 3) '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 2 4 6 3 6 9) + (apply '-table-flat 'list (-repeat 3 '(1 2))) + ⇒ ((1 1 1) (2 1 1) (1 2 1) (2 2 1) (1 1 2) (2 1 2) (1 2 2) (2 2 2)) + + -- Function: -first (pred list) + Return the first item in LIST for which PRED returns non-‘nil’. + Return ‘nil’ if no such element is found. To get the first item in + the list no questions asked, use ‘car’. + + Alias: ‘-find’. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--first’. + + (-first #'natnump '(-1 0 1)) + ⇒ 0 + (-first #'null '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ nil + (--first (> it 2) '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ 3 + + -- Function: -last (pred list) + Return the last x in LIST where (PRED x) is non-‘nil’, else ‘nil’. + + (-last 'even? '(1 2 3 4 5 6 3 3 3)) + ⇒ 6 + (-last 'even? '(1 3 7 5 9)) + ⇒ nil + (--last (> (length it) 3) '("a" "looong" "word" "and" "short" "one")) + ⇒ "short" + + -- Function: -first-item (list) + Return the first item of LIST, or ‘nil’ on an empty list. + + See also: ‘-second-item’ (*note -second-item::), ‘-last-item’ + (*note -last-item::). + + (-first-item '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ 1 + (-first-item nil) + ⇒ nil + (let ((list (list 1 2 3))) (setf (-first-item list) 5) list) + ⇒ (5 2 3) + + -- Function: -second-item (list) + Return the second item of LIST, or ‘nil’ if LIST is too short. + + See also: ‘-third-item’ (*note -third-item::). + + (-second-item '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ 2 + (-second-item nil) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -third-item (list) + Return the third item of LIST, or ‘nil’ if LIST is too short. + + See also: ‘-fourth-item’ (*note -fourth-item::). + + (-third-item '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ 3 + (-third-item nil) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -fourth-item (list) + Return the fourth item of LIST, or ‘nil’ if LIST is too short. + + See also: ‘-fifth-item’ (*note -fifth-item::). + + (-fourth-item '(1 2 3 4)) + ⇒ 4 + (-fourth-item nil) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -fifth-item (list) + Return the fifth item of LIST, or ‘nil’ if LIST is too short. + + See also: ‘-last-item’ (*note -last-item::). + + (-fifth-item '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ 5 + (-fifth-item nil) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -last-item (list) + Return the last item of LIST, or ‘nil’ on an empty list. + + (-last-item '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ 3 + (-last-item nil) + ⇒ nil + (let ((list (list 1 2 3))) (setf (-last-item list) 5) list) + ⇒ (1 2 5) + + -- Function: -butlast (list) + Return a list of all items in list except for the last. + + (-butlast '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ (1 2) + (-butlast '(1 2)) + ⇒ (1) + (-butlast '(1)) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -sort (comparator list) + Sort LIST, stably, comparing elements using COMPARATOR. Return the + sorted list. LIST is NOT modified by side effects. COMPARATOR is + called with two elements of LIST, and should return non-‘nil’ if + the first element should sort before the second. + + (-sort '< '(3 1 2)) + ⇒ (1 2 3) + (-sort '> '(3 1 2)) + ⇒ (3 2 1) + (--sort (< it other) '(3 1 2)) + ⇒ (1 2 3) + + -- Function: -list (arg) + Ensure ARG is a list. If ARG is already a list, return it as is + (not a copy). Otherwise, return a new list with ARG as its only + element. + + Another supported calling convention is (-list &rest ARGS). In + this case, if ARG is not a list, a new list with all of ARGS as + elements is returned. This use is supported for backward + compatibility and is otherwise deprecated. + + (-list 1) + ⇒ (1) + (-list ()) + ⇒ () + (-list '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ (1 2 3) + + -- Function: -fix (fn list) + Compute the (least) fixpoint of FN with initial input LIST. + + FN is called at least once, results are compared with ‘equal’. + + (-fix (lambda (l) (-non-nil (--mapcat (-split-at (/ (length it) 2) it) l))) '((1 2 3))) + ⇒ ((1) (2) (3)) + (let ((l '((starwars scifi) (jedi starwars warrior)))) (--fix (-uniq (--mapcat (cons it (cdr (assq it l))) it)) '(jedi book))) + ⇒ (jedi starwars warrior scifi book) + + +File: dash.info, Node: Tree operations, Next: Threading macros, Prev: Other list operations, Up: Functions + +2.11 Tree operations +==================== + +Functions pretending lists are trees. + + -- Function: -tree-seq (branch children tree) + Return a sequence of the nodes in TREE, in depth-first search + order. + + BRANCH is a predicate of one argument that returns non-‘nil’ if the + passed argument is a branch, that is, a node that can have + children. + + CHILDREN is a function of one argument that returns the children of + the passed branch node. + + Non-branch nodes are simply copied. + + (-tree-seq 'listp 'identity '(1 (2 3) 4 (5 (6 7)))) + ⇒ ((1 (2 3) 4 (5 (6 7))) 1 (2 3) 2 3 4 (5 (6 7)) 5 (6 7) 6 7) + (-tree-seq 'listp 'reverse '(1 (2 3) 4 (5 (6 7)))) + ⇒ ((1 (2 3) 4 (5 (6 7))) (5 (6 7)) (6 7) 7 6 5 4 (2 3) 3 2 1) + (--tree-seq (vectorp it) (append it nil) [1 [2 3] 4 [5 [6 7]]]) + ⇒ ([1 [2 3] 4 [5 [6 7]]] 1 [2 3] 2 3 4 [5 [6 7]] 5 [6 7] 6 7) + + -- Function: -tree-map (fn tree) + Apply FN to each element of TREE while preserving the tree + structure. + + (-tree-map '1+ '(1 (2 3) (4 (5 6) 7))) + ⇒ (2 (3 4) (5 (6 7) 8)) + (-tree-map '(lambda (x) (cons x (expt 2 x))) '(1 (2 3) 4)) + ⇒ ((1 . 2) ((2 . 4) (3 . 8)) (4 . 16)) + (--tree-map (length it) '("<body>" ("<p>" "text" "</p>") "</body>")) + ⇒ (6 (3 4 4) 7) + + -- Function: -tree-map-nodes (pred fun tree) + Call FUN on each node of TREE that satisfies PRED. + + If PRED returns ‘nil’, continue descending down this node. If PRED + returns non-‘nil’, apply FUN to this node and do not descend + further. + + (-tree-map-nodes 'vectorp (lambda (x) (-sum (append x nil))) '(1 [2 3] 4 (5 [6 7] 8))) + ⇒ (1 5 4 (5 13 8)) + (-tree-map-nodes 'keywordp (lambda (x) (symbol-name x)) '(1 :foo 4 ((5 6 :bar) :baz 8))) + ⇒ (1 ":foo" 4 ((5 6 ":bar") ":baz" 8)) + (--tree-map-nodes (eq (car-safe it) 'add-mode) (-concat it (list :mode 'emacs-lisp-mode)) '(with-mode emacs-lisp-mode (foo bar) (add-mode a b) (baz (add-mode c d)))) + ⇒ (with-mode emacs-lisp-mode (foo bar) (add-mode a b :mode emacs-lisp-mode) (baz (add-mode c d :mode emacs-lisp-mode))) + + -- Function: -tree-reduce (fn tree) + Use FN to reduce elements of list TREE. If elements of TREE are + lists themselves, apply the reduction recursively. + + FN is first applied to first element of the list and second + element, then on this result and third element from the list etc. + + See ‘-reduce-r’ (*note -reduce-r::) for how exactly are lists of + zero or one element handled. + + (-tree-reduce '+ '(1 (2 3) (4 5))) + ⇒ 15 + (-tree-reduce 'concat '("strings" (" on" " various") ((" levels")))) + ⇒ "strings on various levels" + (--tree-reduce (cond ((stringp it) (concat it " " acc)) (t (let ((sn (symbol-name it))) (concat "<" sn ">" acc "</" sn ">")))) '(body (p "some words") (div "more" (b "bold") "words"))) + ⇒ "<body><p>some words</p> <div>more <b>bold</b> words</div></body>" + + -- Function: -tree-reduce-from (fn init-value tree) + Use FN to reduce elements of list TREE. If elements of TREE are + lists themselves, apply the reduction recursively. + + FN is first applied to INIT-VALUE and first element of the list, + then on this result and second element from the list etc. + + The initial value is ignored on cons pairs as they always contain + two elements. + + (-tree-reduce-from '+ 1 '(1 (1 1) ((1)))) + ⇒ 8 + (--tree-reduce-from (-concat acc (list it)) nil '(1 (2 3 (4 5)) (6 7))) + ⇒ ((7 6) ((5 4) 3 2) 1) + + -- Function: -tree-mapreduce (fn folder tree) + Apply FN to each element of TREE, and make a list of the results. + If elements of TREE are lists themselves, apply FN recursively to + elements of these nested lists. + + Then reduce the resulting lists using FOLDER and initial value + INIT-VALUE. See ‘-reduce-r-from’ (*note -reduce-r-from::). + + This is the same as calling ‘-tree-reduce’ (*note -tree-reduce::) + after ‘-tree-map’ (*note -tree-map::) but is twice as fast as it + only traverse the structure once. + + (-tree-mapreduce 'list 'append '(1 (2 (3 4) (5 6)) (7 (8 9)))) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9) + (--tree-mapreduce 1 (+ it acc) '(1 (2 (4 9) (2 1)) (7 (4 3)))) + ⇒ 9 + (--tree-mapreduce 0 (max acc (1+ it)) '(1 (2 (4 9) (2 1)) (7 (4 3)))) + ⇒ 3 + + -- Function: -tree-mapreduce-from (fn folder init-value tree) + Apply FN to each element of TREE, and make a list of the results. + If elements of TREE are lists themselves, apply FN recursively to + elements of these nested lists. + + Then reduce the resulting lists using FOLDER and initial value + INIT-VALUE. See ‘-reduce-r-from’ (*note -reduce-r-from::). + + This is the same as calling ‘-tree-reduce-from’ (*note + -tree-reduce-from::) after ‘-tree-map’ (*note -tree-map::) but is + twice as fast as it only traverse the structure once. + + (-tree-mapreduce-from 'identity '* 1 '(1 (2 (3 4) (5 6)) (7 (8 9)))) + ⇒ 362880 + (--tree-mapreduce-from (+ it it) (cons it acc) nil '(1 (2 (4 9) (2 1)) (7 (4 3)))) + ⇒ (2 (4 (8 18) (4 2)) (14 (8 6))) + (concat "{" (--tree-mapreduce-from (cond ((-cons-pair? it) (concat (symbol-name (car it)) " -> " (symbol-name (cdr it)))) (t (concat (symbol-name it) " : {"))) (concat it (unless (or (equal acc "}") (equal (substring it (1- (length it))) "{")) ", ") acc) "}" '((elisp-mode (foo (bar . booze)) (baz . qux)) (c-mode (foo . bla) (bum . bam))))) + ⇒ "{elisp-mode : {foo : {bar -> booze}, baz -> qux}, c-mode : {foo -> bla, bum -> bam}}" + + -- Function: -clone (list) + Create a deep copy of LIST. The new list has the same elements and + structure but all cons are replaced with new ones. This is useful + when you need to clone a structure such as plist or alist. + + (let* ((a '(1 2 3)) (b (-clone a))) (nreverse a) b) + ⇒ (1 2 3) + + +File: dash.info, Node: Threading macros, Next: Binding, Prev: Tree operations, Up: Functions + +2.12 Threading macros +===================== + +Macros that conditionally combine sequential forms for brevity or +readability. + + -- Macro: -> (x &optional form &rest more) + Thread the expr through the forms. Insert X as the second item in + the first form, making a list of it if it is not a list already. + If there are more forms, insert the first form as the second item + in second form, etc. + + (-> '(2 3 5)) + ⇒ (2 3 5) + (-> '(2 3 5) (append '(8 13))) + ⇒ (2 3 5 8 13) + (-> '(2 3 5) (append '(8 13)) (-slice 1 -1)) + ⇒ (3 5 8) + + -- Macro: ->> (x &optional form &rest more) + Thread the expr through the forms. Insert X as the last item in + the first form, making a list of it if it is not a list already. + If there are more forms, insert the first form as the last item in + second form, etc. + + (->> '(1 2 3) (-map 'square)) + ⇒ (1 4 9) + (->> '(1 2 3) (-map 'square) (-remove 'even?)) + ⇒ (1 9) + (->> '(1 2 3) (-map 'square) (-reduce '+)) + ⇒ 14 + + -- Macro: --> (x &rest forms) + Starting with the value of X, thread each expression through FORMS. + + Insert X at the position signified by the symbol ‘it’ in the first + form. If there are more forms, insert the first form at the + position signified by ‘it’ in in second form, etc. + + (--> "def" (concat "abc" it "ghi")) + ⇒ "abcdefghi" + (--> "def" (concat "abc" it "ghi") (upcase it)) + ⇒ "ABCDEFGHI" + (--> "def" (concat "abc" it "ghi") upcase) + ⇒ "ABCDEFGHI" + + -- Macro: -as-> (value variable &rest forms) + Starting with VALUE, thread VARIABLE through FORMS. + + In the first form, bind VARIABLE to VALUE. In the second form, + bind VARIABLE to the result of the first form, and so forth. + + (-as-> 3 my-var (1+ my-var) (list my-var) (mapcar (lambda (ele) (* 2 ele)) my-var)) + ⇒ (8) + (-as-> 3 my-var 1+) + ⇒ 4 + (-as-> 3 my-var) + ⇒ 3 + + -- Macro: -some-> (x &optional form &rest more) + When expr is non-‘nil’, thread it through the first form (via ‘->’ + (*note ->::)), and when that result is non-‘nil’, through the next + form, etc. + + (-some-> '(2 3 5)) + ⇒ (2 3 5) + (-some-> 5 square) + ⇒ 25 + (-some-> 5 even? square) + ⇒ nil + + -- Macro: -some->> (x &optional form &rest more) + When expr is non-‘nil’, thread it through the first form (via ‘->>’ + (*note ->>::)), and when that result is non-‘nil’, through the next + form, etc. + + (-some->> '(1 2 3) (-map 'square)) + ⇒ (1 4 9) + (-some->> '(1 3 5) (-last 'even?) (+ 100)) + ⇒ nil + (-some->> '(2 4 6) (-last 'even?) (+ 100)) + ⇒ 106 + + -- Macro: -some--> (expr &rest forms) + Thread EXPR through FORMS via ‘-->’ (*note -->::), while the result + is non-‘nil’. When EXPR evaluates to non-‘nil’, thread the result + through the first of FORMS, and when that result is non-‘nil’, + thread it through the next form, etc. + + (-some--> "def" (concat "abc" it "ghi")) + ⇒ "abcdefghi" + (-some--> nil (concat "abc" it "ghi")) + ⇒ nil + (-some--> '(0 1) (-remove #'natnump it) (append it it) (-map #'1+ it)) + ⇒ () + + -- Macro: -doto (init &rest forms) + Evaluate INIT and pass it as argument to FORMS with ‘->’ (*note + ->::). The RESULT of evaluating INIT is threaded through each of + FORMS individually using ‘->’ (*note ->::), which see. The return + value is RESULT, which FORMS may have modified by side effect. + + (-doto (list 1 2 3) pop pop) + ⇒ (3) + (-doto (cons 1 2) (setcar 3) (setcdr 4)) + ⇒ (3 . 4) + (gethash 'k (--doto (make-hash-table) (puthash 'k 'v it))) + ⇒ v + + +File: dash.info, Node: Binding, Next: Side effects, Prev: Threading macros, Up: Functions + +2.13 Binding +============ + +Macros that combine ‘let’ and ‘let*’ with destructuring and flow +control. + + -- Macro: -when-let ((var val) &rest body) + If VAL evaluates to non-‘nil’, bind it to VAR and execute body. + + Note: binding is done according to ‘-let’ (*note -let::). + + (-when-let (match-index (string-match "d" "abcd")) (+ match-index 2)) + ⇒ 5 + (-when-let ((&plist :foo foo) (list :foo "foo")) foo) + ⇒ "foo" + (-when-let ((&plist :foo foo) (list :bar "bar")) foo) + ⇒ nil + + -- Macro: -when-let* (vars-vals &rest body) + If all VALS evaluate to true, bind them to their corresponding VARS + and execute body. VARS-VALS should be a list of (VAR VAL) pairs. + + Note: binding is done according to ‘-let*’ (*note -let*::). VALS + are evaluated sequentially, and evaluation stops after the first + ‘nil’ VAL is encountered. + + (-when-let* ((x 5) (y 3) (z (+ y 4))) (+ x y z)) + ⇒ 15 + (-when-let* ((x 5) (y nil) (z 7)) (+ x y z)) + ⇒ nil + + -- Macro: -if-let ((var val) then &rest else) + If VAL evaluates to non-‘nil’, bind it to VAR and do THEN, + otherwise do ELSE. + + Note: binding is done according to ‘-let’ (*note -let::). + + (-if-let (match-index (string-match "d" "abc")) (+ match-index 3) 7) + ⇒ 7 + (--if-let (even? 4) it nil) + ⇒ t + + -- Macro: -if-let* (vars-vals then &rest else) + If all VALS evaluate to true, bind them to their corresponding VARS + and do THEN, otherwise do ELSE. VARS-VALS should be a list of (VAR + VAL) pairs. + + Note: binding is done according to ‘-let*’ (*note -let*::). VALS + are evaluated sequentially, and evaluation stops after the first + ‘nil’ VAL is encountered. + + (-if-let* ((x 5) (y 3) (z 7)) (+ x y z) "foo") + ⇒ 15 + (-if-let* ((x 5) (y nil) (z 7)) (+ x y z) "foo") + ⇒ "foo" + (-if-let* (((_ _ x) '(nil nil 7))) x) + ⇒ 7 + + -- Macro: -let (varlist &rest body) + Bind variables according to VARLIST then eval BODY. + + VARLIST is a list of lists of the form (PATTERN SOURCE). Each + PATTERN is matched against the SOURCE "structurally". SOURCE is + only evaluated once for each PATTERN. Each PATTERN is matched + recursively, and can therefore contain sub-patterns which are + matched against corresponding sub-expressions of SOURCE. + + All the SOURCEs are evalled before any symbols are bound (i.e. "in + parallel"). + + If VARLIST only contains one (PATTERN SOURCE) element, you can + optionally specify it using a vector and discarding the outer-most + parens. Thus + + (-let ((PATTERN SOURCE)) ...) + + becomes + + (-let [PATTERN SOURCE] ...). + + ‘-let’ (*note -let::) uses a convention of not binding places + (symbols) starting with _ whenever it’s possible. You can use this + to skip over entries you don’t care about. However, this is not + *always* possible (as a result of implementation) and these symbols + might get bound to undefined values. + + Following is the overview of supported patterns. Remember that + patterns can be matched recursively, so every a, b, aK in the + following can be a matching construct and not necessarily a + symbol/variable. + + Symbol: + + a - bind the SOURCE to A. This is just like regular ‘let’. + + Conses and lists: + + (a) - bind ‘car’ of cons/list to A + + (a . b) - bind car of cons to A and ‘cdr’ to B + + (a b) - bind car of list to A and ‘cadr’ to B + + (a1 a2 a3 ...) - bind 0th car of list to A1, 1st to A2, 2nd to + A3... + + (a1 a2 a3 ... aN . rest) - as above, but bind the Nth cdr to REST. + + Vectors: + + [a] - bind 0th element of a non-list sequence to A (works with + vectors, strings, bit arrays...) + + [a1 a2 a3 ...] - bind 0th element of non-list sequence to A0, 1st + to A1, 2nd to A2, ... If the PATTERN is shorter than SOURCE, the + values at places not in PATTERN are ignored. If the PATTERN is + longer than SOURCE, an ‘error’ is thrown. + + [a1 a2 a3 ... &rest rest] - as above, but bind the rest of the + sequence to REST. This is conceptually the same as improper list + matching (a1 a2 ... aN . rest) + + Key/value stores: + + (&plist key0 a0 ... keyN aN) - bind value mapped by keyK in the + SOURCE plist to aK. If the value is not found, aK is ‘nil’. Uses + ‘plist-get’ to fetch values. + + (&alist key0 a0 ... keyN aN) - bind value mapped by keyK in the + SOURCE alist to aK. If the value is not found, aK is ‘nil’. Uses + ‘assoc’ to fetch values. + + (&hash key0 a0 ... keyN aN) - bind value mapped by keyK in the + SOURCE hash table to aK. If the value is not found, aK is ‘nil’. + Uses ‘gethash’ to fetch values. + + Further, special keyword &keys supports "inline" matching of + plist-like key-value pairs, similarly to &keys keyword of + ‘cl-defun’. + + (a1 a2 ... aN &keys key1 b1 ... keyN bK) + + This binds N values from the list to a1 ... aN, then interprets the + cdr as a plist (see key/value matching above). + + A shorthand notation for kv-destructuring exists which allows the + patterns be optionally left out and derived from the key name in + the following fashion: + + - a key :foo is converted into ‘foo’ pattern, - a key ’bar is + converted into ‘bar’ pattern, - a key "baz" is converted into ‘baz’ + pattern. + + That is, the entire value under the key is bound to the derived + variable without any further destructuring. + + This is possible only when the form following the key is not a + valid pattern (i.e. not a symbol, a cons cell or a vector). + Otherwise the matching proceeds as usual and in case of an invalid + spec fails with an error. + + Thus the patterns are normalized as follows: + + ;; derive all the missing patterns (&plist :foo ’bar "baz") => + (&plist :foo foo ’bar bar "baz" baz) + + ;; we can specify some but not others (&plist :foo ’bar + explicit-bar) => (&plist :foo foo ’bar explicit-bar) + + ;; nothing happens, we store :foo in x (&plist :foo x) => (&plist + :foo x) + + ;; nothing happens, we match recursively (&plist :foo (a b c)) => + (&plist :foo (a b c)) + + You can name the source using the syntax SYMBOL &as PATTERN. This + syntax works with lists (proper or improper), vectors and all types + of maps. + + (list &as a b c) (list 1 2 3) + + binds A to 1, B to 2, C to 3 and LIST to (1 2 3). + + Similarly: + + (bounds &as beg . end) (cons 1 2) + + binds BEG to 1, END to 2 and BOUNDS to (1 . 2). + + (items &as first . rest) (list 1 2 3) + + binds FIRST to 1, REST to (2 3) and ITEMS to (1 2 3) + + [vect &as _ b c] [1 2 3] + + binds B to 2, C to 3 and VECT to [1 2 3] (_ avoids binding as + usual). + + (plist &as &plist :b b) (list :a 1 :b 2 :c 3) + + binds B to 2 and PLIST to (:a 1 :b 2 :c 3). Same for &alist and + &hash. + + This is especially useful when we want to capture the result of a + computation and destructure at the same time. Consider the form + (function-returning-complex-structure) returning a list of two + vectors with two items each. We want to capture this entire result + and pass it to another computation, but at the same time we want to + get the second item from each vector. We can achieve it with + pattern + + (result &as [_ a] [_ b]) (function-returning-complex-structure) + + Note: Clojure programmers may know this feature as the ":as + binding". The difference is that we put the &as at the front + because we need to support improper list binding. + + (-let (([a (b c) d] [1 (2 3) 4])) (list a b c d)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4) + (-let [(a b c . d) (list 1 2 3 4 5 6)] (list a b c d)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 (4 5 6)) + (-let [(&plist :foo foo :bar bar) (list :baz 3 :foo 1 :qux 4 :bar 2)] (list foo bar)) + ⇒ (1 2) + + -- Macro: -let* (varlist &rest body) + Bind variables according to VARLIST then eval BODY. + + VARLIST is a list of lists of the form (PATTERN SOURCE). Each + PATTERN is matched against the SOURCE structurally. SOURCE is only + evaluated once for each PATTERN. + + Each SOURCE can refer to the symbols already bound by this VARLIST. + This is useful if you want to destructure SOURCE recursively but + also want to name the intermediate structures. + + See ‘-let’ (*note -let::) for the list of all possible patterns. + + (-let* (((a . b) (cons 1 2)) ((c . d) (cons 3 4))) (list a b c d)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4) + (-let* (((a . b) (cons 1 (cons 2 3))) ((c . d) b)) (list a b c d)) + ⇒ (1 (2 . 3) 2 3) + (-let* (((&alist "foo" foo "bar" bar) (list (cons "foo" 1) (cons "bar" (list 'a 'b 'c)))) ((a b c) bar)) (list foo a b c bar)) + ⇒ (1 a b c (a b c)) + + -- Macro: -lambda (match-form &rest body) + Return a lambda which destructures its input as MATCH-FORM and + executes BODY. + + Note that you have to enclose the MATCH-FORM in a pair of parens, + such that: + + (-lambda (x) body) (-lambda (x y ...) body) + + has the usual semantics of ‘lambda’. Furthermore, these get + translated into normal ‘lambda’, so there is no performance + penalty. + + See ‘-let’ (*note -let::) for a description of the destructuring + mechanism. + + (-map (-lambda ((x y)) (+ x y)) '((1 2) (3 4) (5 6))) + ⇒ (3 7 11) + (-map (-lambda ([x y]) (+ x y)) '([1 2] [3 4] [5 6])) + ⇒ (3 7 11) + (funcall (-lambda ((_ . a) (_ . b)) (-concat a b)) '(1 2 3) '(4 5 6)) + ⇒ (2 3 5 6) + + -- Macro: -setq ([match-form val] ...) + Bind each MATCH-FORM to the value of its VAL. + + MATCH-FORM destructuring is done according to the rules of ‘-let’ + (*note -let::). + + This macro allows you to bind multiple variables by destructuring + the value, so for example: + + (-setq (a b) x (&plist :c c) plist) + + expands roughly speaking to the following code + + (setq a (car x) b (cadr x) c (plist-get plist :c)) + + Care is taken to only evaluate each VAL once so that in case of + multiple assignments it does not cause unexpected side effects. + + (let (a) (-setq a 1) a) + ⇒ 1 + (let (a b) (-setq (a b) (list 1 2)) (list a b)) + ⇒ (1 2) + (let (c) (-setq (&plist :c c) (list :c "c")) c) + ⇒ "c" + + +File: dash.info, Node: Side effects, Next: Destructive operations, Prev: Binding, Up: Functions + +2.14 Side effects +================= + +Functions iterating over lists for side effect only. + + -- Function: -each (list fn) + Call FN on each element of LIST. Return ‘nil’; this function is + intended for side effects. + + Its anaphoric counterpart is ‘--each’. + + For access to the current element’s index in LIST, see + ‘-each-indexed’ (*note -each-indexed::). + + (let (l) (-each '(1 2 3) (lambda (x) (push x l))) l) + ⇒ (3 2 1) + (let (l) (--each '(1 2 3) (push it l)) l) + ⇒ (3 2 1) + (-each '(1 2 3) #'identity) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -each-while (list pred fn) + Call FN on each ITEM in LIST, while (PRED ITEM) is non-‘nil’. Once + an ITEM is reached for which PRED returns ‘nil’, FN is no longer + called. Return ‘nil’; this function is intended for side effects. + + Its anaphoric counterpart is ‘--each-while’. + + (let (l) (-each-while '(2 4 5 6) #'even? (lambda (x) (push x l))) l) + ⇒ (4 2) + (let (l) (--each-while '(1 2 3 4) (< it 3) (push it l)) l) + ⇒ (2 1) + (let ((s 0)) (--each-while '(1 3 4 5) (< it 5) (setq s (+ s it))) s) + ⇒ 8 + + -- Function: -each-indexed (list fn) + Call FN on each index and element of LIST. For each ITEM at INDEX + in LIST, call (funcall FN INDEX ITEM). Return ‘nil’; this function + is intended for side effects. + + See also: ‘-map-indexed’ (*note -map-indexed::). + + (let (l) (-each-indexed '(a b c) (lambda (i x) (push (list x i) l))) l) + ⇒ ((c 2) (b 1) (a 0)) + (let (l) (--each-indexed '(a b c) (push (list it it-index) l)) l) + ⇒ ((c 2) (b 1) (a 0)) + (let (l) (--each-indexed () (push it l)) l) + ⇒ () + + -- Function: -each-r (list fn) + Call FN on each element of LIST in reversed order. Return ‘nil’; + this function is intended for side effects. + + Its anaphoric counterpart is ‘--each-r’. + + (let (l) (-each-r '(1 2 3) (lambda (x) (push x l))) l) + ⇒ (1 2 3) + (let (l) (--each-r '(1 2 3) (push it l)) l) + ⇒ (1 2 3) + (-each-r '(1 2 3) #'identity) + ⇒ nil + + -- Function: -each-r-while (list pred fn) + Call FN on each ITEM in reversed LIST, while (PRED ITEM) is + non-‘nil’. Once an ITEM is reached for which PRED returns ‘nil’, + FN is no longer called. Return ‘nil’; this function is intended + for side effects. + + Its anaphoric counterpart is ‘--each-r-while’. + + (let (l) (-each-r-while '(2 4 5 6) #'even? (lambda (x) (push x l))) l) + ⇒ (6) + (let (l) (--each-r-while '(1 2 3 4) (>= it 3) (push it l)) l) + ⇒ (3 4) + (let ((s 0)) (--each-r-while '(1 2 3 5) (> it 1) (setq s (+ s it))) s) + ⇒ 10 + + -- Function: -dotimes (num fn) + Call FN NUM times, presumably for side effects. FN is called with + a single argument on successive integers running from 0, inclusive, + to NUM, exclusive. FN is not called if NUM is less than 1. + + This function’s anaphoric counterpart is ‘--dotimes’. + + (let (s) (-dotimes 3 (lambda (n) (push n s))) s) + ⇒ (2 1 0) + (let (s) (-dotimes 0 (lambda (n) (push n s))) s) + ⇒ () + (let (s) (--dotimes 5 (push it s)) s) + ⇒ (4 3 2 1 0) + + +File: dash.info, Node: Destructive operations, Next: Function combinators, Prev: Side effects, Up: Functions + +2.15 Destructive operations +=========================== + +Macros that modify variables holding lists. + + -- Macro: !cons (car cdr) + Destructive: Set CDR to the cons of CAR and CDR. + + (let (l) (!cons 5 l) l) + ⇒ (5) + (let ((l '(3))) (!cons 5 l) l) + ⇒ (5 3) + + -- Macro: !cdr (list) + Destructive: Set LIST to the cdr of LIST. + + (let ((l '(3))) (!cdr l) l) + ⇒ () + (let ((l '(3 5))) (!cdr l) l) + ⇒ (5) + + +File: dash.info, Node: Function combinators, Prev: Destructive operations, Up: Functions + +2.16 Function combinators +========================= + +Functions that manipulate and compose other functions. + + -- Function: -partial (fun &rest args) + Return a function that is a partial application of FUN to ARGS. + ARGS is a list of the first N arguments to pass to FUN. The result + is a new function which does the same as FUN, except that the first + N arguments are fixed at the values with which this function was + called. + + (funcall (-partial #'+ 5)) + ⇒ 5 + (funcall (-partial #'- 5) 3) + ⇒ 2 + (funcall (-partial #'+ 5 2) 3) + ⇒ 10 + + -- Function: -rpartial (fn &rest args) + Return a function that is a partial application of FN to ARGS. + ARGS is a list of the last N arguments to pass to FN. The result + is a new function which does the same as FN, except that the last N + arguments are fixed at the values with which this function was + called. This is like ‘-partial’ (*note -partial::), except the + arguments are fixed starting from the right rather than the left. + + (funcall (-rpartial #'- 5)) + ⇒ -5 + (funcall (-rpartial #'- 5) 8) + ⇒ 3 + (funcall (-rpartial #'- 5 2) 10) + ⇒ 3 + + -- Function: -juxt (&rest fns) + Return a function that is the juxtaposition of FNS. The returned + function takes a variable number of ARGS, applies each of FNS in + turn to ARGS, and returns the list of results. + + (funcall (-juxt) 1 2) + ⇒ () + (funcall (-juxt #'+ #'- #'* #'/) 7 5) + ⇒ (12 2 35 1) + (mapcar (-juxt #'number-to-string #'1+) '(1 2)) + ⇒ (("1" 2) ("2" 3)) + + -- Function: -compose (&rest fns) + Compose FNS into a single composite function. Return a function + that takes a variable number of ARGS, applies the last function in + FNS to ARGS, and returns the result of calling each remaining + function on the result of the previous function, right-to-left. If + no FNS are given, return a variadic ‘identity’ function. + + (funcall (-compose #'- #'1+ #'+) 1 2 3) + ⇒ -7 + (funcall (-compose #'identity #'1+) 3) + ⇒ 4 + (mapcar (-compose #'not #'stringp) '(nil "")) + ⇒ (t nil) + + -- Function: -applify (fn) + Return a function that applies FN to a single list of args. This + changes the arity of FN from taking N distinct arguments to taking + 1 argument which is a list of N arguments. + + (funcall (-applify #'+) nil) + ⇒ 0 + (mapcar (-applify #'+) '((1 1 1) (1 2 3) (5 5 5))) + ⇒ (3 6 15) + (funcall (-applify #'<) '(3 6)) + ⇒ t + + -- Function: -on (op trans) + Return a function that calls TRANS on each arg and OP on the + results. The returned function takes a variable number of + arguments, calls the function TRANS on each one in turn, and then + passes those results as the list of arguments to OP, in the same + order. + + For example, the following pairs of expressions are morally + equivalent: + + (funcall (-on #’+ #’1+) 1 2 3) = (+ (1+ 1) (1+ 2) (1+ 3)) (funcall + (-on #’+ #’1+)) = (+) + + (-sort (-on #'< #'length) '((1 2 3) (1) (1 2))) + ⇒ ((1) (1 2) (1 2 3)) + (funcall (-on #'min #'string-to-number) "22" "2" "1" "12") + ⇒ 1 + (-min-by (-on #'> #'length) '((1 2 3) (4) (1 2))) + ⇒ (4) + + -- Function: -flip (fn) + Return a function that calls FN with its arguments reversed. The + returned function takes the same number of arguments as FN. + + For example, the following two expressions are morally equivalent: + + (funcall (-flip #’-) 1 2) = (- 2 1) + + See also: ‘-rotate-args’ (*note -rotate-args::). + + (-sort (-flip #'<) '(4 3 6 1)) + ⇒ (6 4 3 1) + (funcall (-flip #'-) 3 2 1 10) + ⇒ 4 + (funcall (-flip #'1+) 1) + ⇒ 2 + + -- Function: -rotate-args (n fn) + Return a function that calls FN with args rotated N places to the + right. The returned function takes the same number of arguments as + FN, rotates the list of arguments N places to the right (left if N + is negative) just like ‘-rotate’ (*note -rotate::), and applies FN + to the result. + + See also: ‘-flip’ (*note -flip::). + + (funcall (-rotate-args -1 #'list) 1 2 3 4) + ⇒ (2 3 4 1) + (funcall (-rotate-args 1 #'-) 1 10 100) + ⇒ 89 + (funcall (-rotate-args 2 #'list) 3 4 5 1 2) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4 5) + + -- Function: -const (c) + Return a function that returns C ignoring any additional arguments. + + In types: a -> b -> a + + (funcall (-const 2) 1 3 "foo") + ⇒ 2 + (mapcar (-const 1) '("a" "b" "c" "d")) + ⇒ (1 1 1 1) + (-sum (mapcar (-const 1) '("a" "b" "c" "d"))) + ⇒ 4 + + -- Macro: -cut (&rest params) + Take n-ary function and n arguments and specialize some of them. + Arguments denoted by <> will be left unspecialized. + + See SRFI-26 for detailed description. + + (funcall (-cut list 1 <> 3 <> 5) 2 4) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4 5) + (-map (-cut funcall <> 5) `(1+ 1- ,(lambda (x) (/ 1.0 x)))) + ⇒ (6 4 0.2) + (-map (-cut <> 1 2 3) '(list vector string)) + ⇒ ((1 2 3) [1 2 3] "\1\2\3") + + -- Function: -not (pred) + Return a predicate that negates the result of PRED. The returned + predicate passes its arguments to PRED. If PRED returns ‘nil’, the + result is non-‘nil’; otherwise the result is ‘nil’. + + See also: ‘-andfn’ (*note -andfn::) and ‘-orfn’ (*note -orfn::). + + (funcall (-not #'numberp) "5") + ⇒ t + (-sort (-not #'<) '(5 2 1 0 6)) + ⇒ (6 5 2 1 0) + (-filter (-not (-partial #'< 4)) '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) + ⇒ (1 2 3 4) + + -- Function: -orfn (&rest preds) + Return a predicate that returns the first non-‘nil’ result of + PREDS. The returned predicate takes a variable number of + arguments, passes them to each predicate in PREDS in turn until one + of them returns non-‘nil’, and returns that non-‘nil’ result + without calling the remaining PREDS. If all PREDS return ‘nil’, or + if no PREDS are given, the returned predicate returns ‘nil’. + + See also: ‘-andfn’ (*note -andfn::) and ‘-not’ (*note -not::). + + (-filter (-orfn #'natnump #'booleanp) '(1 nil "a" -4 b c t)) + ⇒ (1 nil t) + (funcall (-orfn #'symbolp (-cut string-match-p "x" <>)) "axe") + ⇒ 1 + (funcall (-orfn #'= #'+) 1 1) + ⇒ t + + -- Function: -andfn (&rest preds) + Return a predicate that returns non-‘nil’ if all PREDS do so. The + returned predicate P takes a variable number of arguments and + passes them to each predicate in PREDS in turn. If any one of + PREDS returns ‘nil’, P also returns ‘nil’ without calling the + remaining PREDS. If all PREDS return non-‘nil’, P returns the last + such value. If no PREDS are given, P always returns non-‘nil’. + + See also: ‘-orfn’ (*note -orfn::) and ‘-not’ (*note -not::). + + (-filter (-andfn #'numberp (-cut < <> 5)) '(a 1 b 6 c 2)) + ⇒ (1 2) + (mapcar (-andfn #'numberp #'1+) '(a 1 b 6)) + ⇒ (nil 2 nil 7) + (funcall (-andfn #'= #'+) 1 1) + ⇒ 2 + + -- Function: -iteratefn (fn n) + Return a function FN composed N times with itself. + + FN is a unary function. If you need to use a function of higher + arity, use ‘-applify’ (*note -applify::) first to turn it into a + unary function. + + With n = 0, this acts as identity function. + + In types: (a -> a) -> Int -> a -> a. + + This function satisfies the following law: + + (funcall (-iteratefn fn n) init) = (-last-item (-iterate fn init + (1+ n))). + + (funcall (-iteratefn (lambda (x) (* x x)) 3) 2) + ⇒ 256 + (funcall (-iteratefn '1+ 3) 1) + ⇒ 4 + (funcall (-iteratefn 'cdr 3) '(1 2 3 4 5)) + ⇒ (4 5) + + -- Function: -fixfn (fn &optional equal-test halt-test) + Return a function that computes the (least) fixpoint of FN. + + FN must be a unary function. The returned lambda takes a single + argument, X, the initial value for the fixpoint iteration. The + iteration halts when either of the following conditions is + satisfied: + + 1. Iteration converges to the fixpoint, with equality being tested + using EQUAL-TEST. If EQUAL-TEST is not specified, ‘equal’ is used. + For functions over the floating point numbers, it may be necessary + to provide an appropriate approximate comparison test. + + 2. HALT-TEST returns a non-‘nil’ value. HALT-TEST defaults to a + simple counter that returns ‘t’ after ‘-fixfn-max-iterations’, to + guard against infinite iteration. Otherwise, HALT-TEST must be a + function that accepts a single argument, the current value of X, + and returns non-‘nil’ as long as iteration should continue. In + this way, a more sophisticated convergence test may be supplied by + the caller. + + The return value of the lambda is either the fixpoint or, if + iteration halted before converging, a cons with car ‘halted’ and + cdr the final output from HALT-TEST. + + In types: (a -> a) -> a -> a. + + (funcall (-fixfn #'cos #'approx=) 0.7) + ⇒ 0.7390851332151607 + (funcall (-fixfn (lambda (x) (expt (+ x 10) 0.25))) 2.0) + ⇒ 1.8555845286409378 + (funcall (-fixfn #'sin #'approx=) 0.1) + ⇒ (halted . t) + + -- Function: -prodfn (&rest fns) + Return a function that applies each of FNS to each of a list of + arguments. + + Takes a list of N functions and returns a function that takes a + list of length N, applying Ith function to Ith element of the input + list. Returns a list of length N. + + In types (for N=2): ((a -> b), (c -> d)) -> (a, c) -> (b, d) + + This function satisfies the following laws: + + (-compose (-prodfn f g ...) (-prodfn f’ g’ ...)) = (-prodfn + (-compose f f’) (-compose g g’) ...) + + (-prodfn f g ...) = (-juxt (-compose f (-partial #’nth 0)) + (-compose g (-partial #’nth 1)) ...) + + (-compose (-prodfn f g ...) (-juxt f’ g’ ...)) = (-juxt (-compose f + f’) (-compose g g’) ...) + + (-compose (-partial #’nth n) (-prod f1 f2 ...)) = (-compose fn + (-partial #’nth n)) + + (funcall (-prodfn '1+ '1- 'number-to-string) '(1 2 3)) + ⇒ (2 1 "3") + (-map (-prodfn '1+ '1-) '((1 2) (3 4) (5 6) (7 8))) + ⇒ ((2 1) (4 3) (6 5) (8 7)) + (apply '+ (funcall (-prodfn 'length 'string-to-number) '((1 2 3) "15"))) + ⇒ 18 + + +File: dash.info, Node: Development, Next: FDL, Prev: Functions, Up: Top + +3 Development +************* + +The Dash repository is hosted on GitHub at +<https://github.com/magnars/dash.el>. + +* Menu: + +* Contribute:: How to contribute. +* Contributors:: List of contributors. + + +File: dash.info, Node: Contribute, Next: Contributors, Up: Development + +3.1 Contribute +============== + +Yes, please do. Pure functions in the list manipulation realm only, +please. There’s a suite of examples/tests in ‘dev/examples.el’, so +remember to add tests for your additions, or they may get broken later. + + Run the tests with ‘make check’. Regenerate the docs with ‘make +docs’. Contributors are encouraged to install these commands as a Git +pre-commit hook, so that the tests are always running and the docs are +always in sync: + + $ cp dev/pre-commit.sh .git/hooks/pre-commit + + Oh, and don’t edit ‘README.md’ or ‘dash.texi’ directly, as they are +auto-generated. Instead, change their respective templates +‘readme-template.md’ or ‘dash-template.texi’. + + To ensure that Dash can be distributed with GNU ELPA or Emacs, we +require that all contributors assign copyright to the Free Software +Foundation. For more on this, *note (emacs)Copyright Assignment::. + + +File: dash.info, Node: Contributors, Prev: Contribute, Up: Development + +3.2 Contributors +================ + + • Matus Goljer (https://github.com/Fuco1) contributed lots of + features and functions. + • Takafumi Arakaki (https://github.com/tkf) contributed ‘-group-by’. + • tali713 (https://github.com/tali713) is the author of ‘-applify’. + • Víctor M. Valenzuela (https://github.com/vemv) contributed + ‘-repeat’. + • Nic Ferrier (https://github.com/nicferrier) contributed ‘-cons*’. + • Wilfred Hughes (https://github.com/Wilfred) contributed ‘-slice’, + ‘-first-item’, and ‘-last-item’. + • Emanuel Evans (https://github.com/shosti) contributed ‘-if-let’, + ‘-when-let’, and ‘-insert-at’. + • Johan Andersson (https://github.com/rejeep) contributed ‘-sum’, + ‘-product’, and ‘-same-items?’. + • Christina Whyte (https://github.com/kurisuwhyte) contributed + ‘-compose’. + • Steve Lamb (https://github.com/steventlamb) contributed ‘-cycle’, + ‘-pad’, ‘-annotate’, ‘-zip-fill’, and a variadic version of ‘-zip’. + • Fredrik Bergroth (https://github.com/fbergroth) made the ‘-if-let’ + family use ‘-let’ destructuring and improved the script for + generating documentation. + • Mark Oteiza (https://github.com/holomorph) contributed ‘-iota’ and + the script to create an Info manual. + • Vasilij Schneidermann (https://github.com/wasamasa) contributed + ‘-some’. + • William West (https://github.com/occidens) made ‘-fixfn’ more + robust at handling floats. + • Cam Saul (https://github.com/camsaul) contributed ‘-some->’, + ‘-some->>’, and ‘-some-->’. + • Basil L. Contovounesios (https://github.com/basil-conto) + contributed ‘-common-prefix’, ‘-common-suffix’, and various other + improvements. + • Paul Pogonyshev (https://github.com/doublep) contributed ‘-each-r’ + and ‘-each-r-while’. + + Thanks! + + New contributors are very welcome. *Note Contribute::. + + +File: dash.info, Node: FDL, Next: GPL, Prev: Development, Up: Top + +Appendix A GNU Free Documentation License +***************************************** + + Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 + + Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + <https://fsf.org/> + + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + 0. 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Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients. + + Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically + receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and + propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not + responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this + License. + + An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an + organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an + organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a + covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that + transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever + licenses to the work the party’s predecessor in interest had or + could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession + of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in + interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable + efforts. + + You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the + rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you + may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise + of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate + litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) + alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, + selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion + of it. + + 11. Patents. + + A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this + License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. + The work thus licensed is called the contributor’s “contributor + version”. + + A contributor’s “essential patent claims” are all patent claims + owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or + hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, + permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its + contributor version, but do not include claims that would be + infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the + contributor version. 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No Surrender of Others’ Freedom. + + If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement + or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they + do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you + cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your + obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, + then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, + if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for + further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the + only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would + be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. + + 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. + + Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have + permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed + under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a + single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms + of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the + covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero + General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through + a network will apply to the combination as such. + + 14. Revised Versions of this License. + + The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new + versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such + new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but + may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. + + Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the + Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU + General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you + have the option of following the terms and conditions either of + that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free + Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version + number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any + version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. + + If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future + versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that + proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently + authorizes you to choose that version for the Program. + + Later license versions may give you additional or different + permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any + author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a + later version. + + 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. + + THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY + APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE + COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” + WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, + INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF + MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE + RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. + SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL + NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. + + 16. Limitation of Liability. + + IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN + WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES + AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR + DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR + CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE + THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA + BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD + PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER + PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF + THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. + + 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. + + If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided + above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, + reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely + approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in + connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of + liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee. + +END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS +=========================== + +How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs +============================================= + +If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest +possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it +free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these +terms. + + To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest +to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively +state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the +“copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. + + ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND A BRIEF IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES. + Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR + + This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify + it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at + your option) any later version. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but + WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU + General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. + + Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper +mail. + + If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short +notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: + + PROGRAM Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR + This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type ‘show w’. + This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it + under certain conditions; type ‘show c’ for details. + + The hypothetical commands ‘show w’ and ‘show c’ should show the +appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your +program’s commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would +use an “about box”. + + You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or +school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if +necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow +the GNU GPL, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. + + The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your +program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine +library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary +applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the +GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, +please read <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>. + + +File: dash.info, Node: Index, Prev: GPL, Up: Top + +Index +***** + + +* Menu: + +* !cdr: Destructive operations. + (line 16) +* !cons: Destructive operations. + (line 8) +* -->: Threading macros. (line 35) +* ->: Threading macros. (line 9) +* ->>: Threading macros. (line 22) +* -all?: Predicates. (line 53) +* -andfn: Function combinators. + (line 184) +* -annotate: Maps. (line 86) +* -any?: Predicates. (line 41) +* -applify: Function combinators. + (line 63) +* -as->: Threading macros. (line 49) +* -butlast: Other list operations. + (line 335) +* -clone: Tree operations. (line 123) +* -common-prefix: Reductions. (line 242) +* -common-suffix: Reductions. (line 252) +* -compose: Function combinators. + (line 49) +* -concat: List to list. (line 23) +* -cons*: Other list operations. + (line 30) +* -cons-pair?: Predicates. (line 167) +* -const: Function combinators. + (line 128) +* -contains?: Predicates. (line 100) +* -copy: Maps. (line 141) +* -count: Reductions. (line 172) +* -cut: Function combinators. + (line 140) +* -cycle: Other list operations. + (line 180) +* -difference: Set operations. (line 20) +* -distinct: Set operations. (line 62) +* -dotimes: Side effects. (line 80) +* -doto: Threading macros. (line 99) +* -drop: Sublist selection. (line 149) +* -drop-last: Sublist selection. (line 163) +* -drop-while: Sublist selection. (line 194) +* -each: Side effects. (line 8) +* -each-indexed: Side effects. (line 38) +* -each-r: Side effects. (line 52) +* -each-r-while: Side effects. (line 65) +* -each-while: Side effects. (line 24) +* -elem-index: Indexing. (line 9) +* -elem-indices: Indexing. (line 21) +* -every: Predicates. (line 23) +* -fifth-item: Other list operations. + (line 315) +* -filter: Sublist selection. (line 8) +* -find-index: Indexing. (line 32) +* -find-indices: Indexing. (line 60) +* -find-last-index: Indexing. (line 46) +* -first: Other list operations. + (line 246) +* -first-item: Other list operations. + (line 272) +* -fix: Other list operations. + (line 375) +* -fixfn: Function combinators. + (line 224) +* -flatten: List to list. (line 36) +* -flatten-n: List to list. (line 58) +* -flip: Function combinators. + (line 95) +* -fourth-item: Other list operations. + (line 305) +* -grade-down: Indexing. (line 81) +* -grade-up: Indexing. (line 71) +* -group-by: Partitioning. (line 205) +* -if-let: Binding. (line 34) +* -if-let*: Binding. (line 45) +* -inits: Reductions. (line 222) +* -insert-at: List to list. (line 112) +* -interleave: Other list operations. + (line 67) +* -interpose: Other list operations. + (line 57) +* -intersection: Set operations. (line 32) +* -iota: Other list operations. + (line 78) +* -is-infix?: Predicates. (line 153) +* -is-prefix?: Predicates. (line 129) +* -is-suffix?: Predicates. (line 141) +* -iterate: Unfolding. (line 9) +* -iteratefn: Function combinators. + (line 201) +* -juxt: Function combinators. + (line 37) +* -keep: List to list. (line 8) +* -lambda: Binding. (line 247) +* -last: Other list operations. + (line 262) +* -last-item: Other list operations. + (line 325) +* -let: Binding. (line 61) +* -let*: Binding. (line 227) +* -list: Other list operations. + (line 358) +* -map: Maps. (line 10) +* -map-first: Maps. (line 38) +* -map-indexed: Maps. (line 68) +* -map-last: Maps. (line 53) +* -map-when: Maps. (line 22) +* -mapcat: Maps. (line 130) +* -max: Reductions. (line 286) +* -max-by: Reductions. (line 296) +* -min: Reductions. (line 262) +* -min-by: Reductions. (line 272) +* -non-nil: Sublist selection. (line 95) +* -none?: Predicates. (line 73) +* -not: Function combinators. + (line 153) +* -on: Function combinators. + (line 75) +* -only-some?: Predicates. (line 85) +* -orfn: Function combinators. + (line 167) +* -pad: Other list operations. + (line 191) +* -partial: Function combinators. + (line 8) +* -partition: Partitioning. (line 90) +* -partition-after-item: Partitioning. (line 195) +* -partition-after-pred: Partitioning. (line 162) +* -partition-all: Partitioning. (line 102) +* -partition-all-in-steps: Partitioning. (line 126) +* -partition-before-item: Partitioning. (line 185) +* -partition-before-pred: Partitioning. (line 174) +* -partition-by: Partitioning. (line 138) +* -partition-by-header: Partitioning. (line 149) +* -partition-in-steps: Partitioning. (line 113) +* -permutations: Set operations. (line 52) +* -powerset: Set operations. (line 44) +* -prodfn: Function combinators. + (line 258) +* -product: Reductions. (line 201) +* -reduce: Reductions. (line 53) +* -reduce-from: Reductions. (line 8) +* -reduce-r: Reductions. (line 72) +* -reduce-r-from: Reductions. (line 26) +* -reductions: Reductions. (line 136) +* -reductions-from: Reductions. (line 100) +* -reductions-r: Reductions. (line 154) +* -reductions-r-from: Reductions. (line 118) +* -remove: Sublist selection. (line 26) +* -remove-at: List to list. (line 149) +* -remove-at-indices: List to list. (line 162) +* -remove-first: Sublist selection. (line 44) +* -remove-item: Sublist selection. (line 84) +* -remove-last: Sublist selection. (line 65) +* -repeat: Other list operations. + (line 19) +* -replace: List to list. (line 70) +* -replace-at: List to list. (line 123) +* -replace-first: List to list. (line 84) +* -replace-last: List to list. (line 98) +* -rotate: Other list operations. + (line 8) +* -rotate-args: Function combinators. + (line 112) +* -rpartial: Function combinators. + (line 22) +* -running-product: Reductions. (line 211) +* -running-sum: Reductions. (line 190) +* -same-items?: Predicates. (line 115) +* -second-item: Other list operations. + (line 285) +* -select-by-indices: Sublist selection. (line 211) +* -select-column: Sublist selection. (line 241) +* -select-columns: Sublist selection. (line 222) +* -separate: Partitioning. (line 75) +* -setq: Binding. (line 270) +* -slice: Sublist selection. (line 105) +* -snoc: Other list operations. + (line 43) +* -some: Predicates. (line 8) +* -some-->: Threading macros. (line 86) +* -some->: Threading macros. (line 62) +* -some->>: Threading macros. (line 74) +* -sort: Other list operations. + (line 345) +* -splice: Maps. (line 97) +* -splice-list: Maps. (line 117) +* -split-at: Partitioning. (line 8) +* -split-on: Partitioning. (line 40) +* -split-when: Partitioning. (line 58) +* -split-with: Partitioning. (line 23) +* -sum: Reductions. (line 180) +* -table: Other list operations. + (line 202) +* -table-flat: Other list operations. + (line 221) +* -tails: Reductions. (line 232) +* -take: Sublist selection. (line 121) +* -take-last: Sublist selection. (line 135) +* -take-while: Sublist selection. (line 177) +* -third-item: Other list operations. + (line 295) +* -tree-map: Tree operations. (line 28) +* -tree-map-nodes: Tree operations. (line 39) +* -tree-mapreduce: Tree operations. (line 85) +* -tree-mapreduce-from: Tree operations. (line 104) +* -tree-reduce: Tree operations. (line 53) +* -tree-reduce-from: Tree operations. (line 70) +* -tree-seq: Tree operations. (line 8) +* -unfold: Unfolding. (line 25) +* -union: Set operations. (line 8) +* -unzip: Other list operations. + (line 158) +* -update-at: List to list. (line 135) +* -when-let: Binding. (line 9) +* -when-let*: Binding. (line 21) +* -zip: Other list operations. + (line 107) +* -zip-fill: Other list operations. + (line 150) +* -zip-lists: Other list operations. + (line 131) +* -zip-with: Other list operations. + (line 91) +* dash-fontify-mode: Fontification of special variables. + (line 6) +* dash-register-info-lookup: Info symbol lookup. (line 6) +* global-dash-fontify-mode: Fontification of special variables. + (line 12) + + + +Tag Table: +Node: Top742 +Node: Installation2397 +Node: Using in a package3159 +Node: Fontification of special variables3504 +Node: Info symbol lookup4294 +Node: Functions4877 +Node: Maps6361 +Ref: -map6658 +Ref: -map-when7031 +Ref: -map-first7605 +Ref: -map-last8200 +Ref: -map-indexed8790 +Ref: -annotate9476 +Ref: -splice9963 +Ref: -splice-list10741 +Ref: -mapcat11200 +Ref: -copy11573 +Node: Sublist selection11761 +Ref: -filter11954 +Ref: -remove12507 +Ref: -remove-first13056 +Ref: -remove-last13904 +Ref: -remove-item14634 +Ref: -non-nil15034 +Ref: -slice15316 +Ref: -take15845 +Ref: -take-last16263 +Ref: -drop16700 +Ref: -drop-last17147 +Ref: -take-while17579 +Ref: -drop-while18206 +Ref: -select-by-indices18839 +Ref: -select-columns19350 +Ref: -select-column20053 +Node: List to list20516 +Ref: -keep20708 +Ref: -concat21284 +Ref: -flatten21767 +Ref: -flatten-n22529 +Ref: -replace22913 +Ref: -replace-first23374 +Ref: -replace-last23869 +Ref: -insert-at24357 +Ref: -replace-at24682 +Ref: -update-at25069 +Ref: -remove-at25610 +Ref: -remove-at-indices26095 +Node: Reductions26674 +Ref: -reduce-from26870 +Ref: -reduce-r-from27594 +Ref: -reduce28857 +Ref: -reduce-r29608 +Ref: -reductions-from30886 +Ref: -reductions-r-from31692 +Ref: -reductions32522 +Ref: -reductions-r33233 +Ref: -count33978 +Ref: -sum34208 +Ref: -running-sum34396 +Ref: -product34717 +Ref: -running-product34925 +Ref: -inits35266 +Ref: -tails35511 +Ref: -common-prefix35755 +Ref: -common-suffix36049 +Ref: -min36343 +Ref: -min-by36569 +Ref: -max37090 +Ref: -max-by37315 +Node: Unfolding37841 +Ref: -iterate38082 +Ref: -unfold38529 +Node: Predicates39334 +Ref: -some39511 +Ref: -every39940 +Ref: -any?40654 +Ref: -all?41003 +Ref: -none?41745 +Ref: -only-some?42065 +Ref: -contains?42610 +Ref: -same-items?43011 +Ref: -is-prefix?43396 +Ref: -is-suffix?43728 +Ref: -is-infix?44060 +Ref: -cons-pair?44420 +Node: Partitioning44751 +Ref: -split-at44939 +Ref: -split-with45603 +Ref: -split-on46243 +Ref: -split-when46914 +Ref: -separate47557 +Ref: -partition48091 +Ref: -partition-all48540 +Ref: -partition-in-steps48965 +Ref: -partition-all-in-steps49511 +Ref: -partition-by50025 +Ref: -partition-by-header50403 +Ref: -partition-after-pred51004 +Ref: -partition-before-pred51457 +Ref: -partition-before-item51842 +Ref: -partition-after-item52149 +Ref: -group-by52451 +Node: Indexing52884 +Ref: -elem-index53086 +Ref: -elem-indices53487 +Ref: -find-index53867 +Ref: -find-last-index54362 +Ref: -find-indices54872 +Ref: -grade-up55277 +Ref: -grade-down55684 +Node: Set operations56098 +Ref: -union56281 +Ref: -difference56695 +Ref: -intersection57113 +Ref: -powerset57526 +Ref: -permutations57736 +Ref: -distinct58032 +Node: Other list operations58412 +Ref: -rotate58637 +Ref: -repeat58990 +Ref: -cons*59275 +Ref: -snoc59697 +Ref: -interpose60109 +Ref: -interleave60403 +Ref: -iota60769 +Ref: -zip-with61252 +Ref: -zip61966 +Ref: -zip-lists62795 +Ref: -zip-fill63493 +Ref: -unzip63815 +Ref: -cycle64557 +Ref: -pad64956 +Ref: -table65275 +Ref: -table-flat66061 +Ref: -first67066 +Ref: -last67564 +Ref: -first-item67910 +Ref: -second-item68315 +Ref: -third-item68585 +Ref: -fourth-item68853 +Ref: -fifth-item69125 +Ref: -last-item69393 +Ref: -butlast69690 +Ref: -sort69935 +Ref: -list70427 +Ref: -fix70996 +Node: Tree operations71485 +Ref: -tree-seq71681 +Ref: -tree-map72542 +Ref: -tree-map-nodes72982 +Ref: -tree-reduce73846 +Ref: -tree-reduce-from74728 +Ref: -tree-mapreduce75328 +Ref: -tree-mapreduce-from76187 +Ref: -clone77472 +Node: Threading macros77799 +Ref: ->78024 +Ref: ->>78512 +Ref: -->79015 +Ref: -as->79571 +Ref: -some->80025 +Ref: -some->>80410 +Ref: -some-->80857 +Ref: -doto81424 +Node: Binding81977 +Ref: -when-let82184 +Ref: -when-let*82645 +Ref: -if-let83174 +Ref: -if-let*83540 +Ref: -let84163 +Ref: -let*90253 +Ref: -lambda91190 +Ref: -setq91996 +Node: Side effects92797 +Ref: -each92991 +Ref: -each-while93518 +Ref: -each-indexed94138 +Ref: -each-r94730 +Ref: -each-r-while95172 +Ref: -dotimes95816 +Node: Destructive operations96369 +Ref: !cons96587 +Ref: !cdr96791 +Node: Function combinators96984 +Ref: -partial97188 +Ref: -rpartial97706 +Ref: -juxt98354 +Ref: -compose98806 +Ref: -applify99413 +Ref: -on99843 +Ref: -flip100615 +Ref: -rotate-args101139 +Ref: -const101768 +Ref: -cut102110 +Ref: -not102590 +Ref: -orfn103134 +Ref: -andfn103927 +Ref: -iteratefn104714 +Ref: -fixfn105416 +Ref: -prodfn106990 +Node: Development108151 +Node: Contribute108440 +Node: Contributors109452 +Node: FDL111545 +Node: GPL136865 +Node: Index174614 + +End Tag Table + + +Local Variables: +coding: utf-8 +End: |